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美国研发新型风险评估工具 防范心脏骤停于未然

2017-08-13 11:11:58   中国经济网

中国经济网8月13日讯(记者 陈颐)心脏性猝死是导致全球人类死亡的一个重要原因。事实上,半数的心脏疾病死亡与其有关。据中国经济网记者了解,在中国,每年有超过55.4万人因心脏性猝死去世,心脑血管疾病也构成了中国人死亡的主要原因。适当的预防和治疗方法或许可以挽救无数生命。

美国西达-赛奈心脏中心科研团队日前宣布开发了一套新的风险评估工具,能够帮助医生更有效地预测心脏骤停的风险。“对于大部分心脏骤停患者来说,在打急救电话之前就已经太晚了。”医学博士苏密特·丘格(SumeetChugh)说。他是西达-赛奈心脏中心心律专科主任医师,是该研究的主要参与者。“因为幸存者很少,有效预测就变得至关重要。”

心脏骤停是心率的电紊乱,会引起心脏停跳,对90%以上的患者来说是致命的。如果能确定高风险患者并及时治疗,心脏骤停有时是可以防范的。丘格先生强调说:“这个新型风险评分工具帮助能我们更好地了解谁最有可能遭受心脏骤停。最重要的是,这个工具可以广泛推广,因为它使用的是已经通行且经济的技术。”

据丘格介绍,这个新型风险分数基于12导联心电图(EKG),是现在通用的最悠久且实惠的心脏测试。研究结果已于近日发表在了《欧洲心脏杂志》,展示了如何利用患者EKG的多个数据点来计算风险评分。

数据点包括患者的心率,左心室肥大(心脏壁增厚),以及在接受电刺激和放松时心肌状态的四个指标。被确定为心脏骤停高风险的患者可以优先接受药物治疗,并植入可以起搏停跳心脏的除颤器。最终患者会得到0至6之间的一个风险评分。得分高于或等于4,患者的心跳骤停风险要比低得分者高出近20倍。

丘格提出:“这个新型风险评分有可能为临床医生提供一个便于操作且成本低廉的数据分析工具,用于确定哪些患者可以从干预措施中受益,预防心脏骤停。”

他介绍说,医生可以通过分数来判断哪些患者能从干预措施中获益最多,比如通过手术在患者体内放入心律转复除颤器,它能在患者心脏骤停的几秒内能及时提供电击来回复患者心跳。

与此同时,由百度前首席科学家吴恩达(AndrewNg)领导的计算机科学家团队最近开发了一种新的深度学习算法,可以诊断14种心律失常,他们希望可以借此加快偏远地区心脏疾病的诊断并改善治疗。而他们的努力也为那些有可能经受心脏骤停的人群提供了又一项安全保障。

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