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先天性心脏病95%以上可治愈

2017-08-11 03:53:29   中国青年网

我国是世界上出生缺陷高发国家之一,每年的出生缺陷儿数量约占全世界的20%。其中,小儿先天性心脏病(简称“先心病”)发生率为0.4%~1%,即1000名新生儿中就有4~10人患有先天性心脏畸形或缺损。根据流行病学调查,我国先天性心脏病患儿每年新增15万~20万。新生命的降临本应给家庭带来欢乐和希望,但先天性心脏病的患儿家庭却只能沉浸在无边的压抑中。

广西医科大学第一附属医院心胸外科雷宾峰博士指出,小儿先心病并不如大家想象的那么可怕,虽然很多先天性心脏病在婴幼儿时期病情发展十分迅速,但只要发现得早,及时进行手术治疗,就很有可能治愈,让患儿像健康儿童一样茁壮成长。

01

遗传和环境因素是主要诱因 怀孕前最好先做医学观察

先天性心脏病是儿童先天性畸形中最常见的一类,根据病名直接可以理解为在胎儿的时候就患有了心脏病。先天性心脏病不仅给孩子带来极大的痛苦和不幸,也给家庭带来了沉重的负担。很多人会问,先天性心脏病是怎么引起的?

雷宾峰博士介绍,先天性心脏病的病因复杂,医学界尚未完全研究清楚,可能与遗传、环境因素有关。其中环境因素包括生活环境(高原缺氧),接触放射线,宫内感染,疾病如孕母患风疹、流行性感冒、腮腺炎、柯萨奇病毒感染、糖尿病、高钙血症等。此外,还与孕母服用抗癌药物或甲糖宁等药,或缺氧、母体缺乏叶酸等有关。

“单纯遗传因素导致(如基因突变、染色体畸变)的占8%,单纯环境因素导致的占2%,遗传和环境相互作用而引起的占到90%。”雷宾峰博士表示,目前环境因素是造成我国小儿先天性心脏病的主要因素,如孕妇接触放射线和重金属,在工作中接触有机溶剂及吸烟、饮酒等均可引起发病。

目前我国已实施全面两孩政策,很多家庭有生育二孩的愿望,然而高龄产妇也是胎儿发生先天性心脏病的高危因素,值得大家注意。雷宾峰博士建议,女性最好在35岁以前生育,如果无法做到这一点,那么高龄孕妇必须接受严格的围产期医学观察与保健。有吸烟、喝酒等习惯的准妈妈在怀孕前半年就要停止;孕妇尽量少接触射线、电磁辐射等不良环境因素;避免去高海拔地区旅游;妊娠早期积极预防风疹、流感等风疹病毒性疾病;还要尽量避免服用药物,如必须使用,需在医生指导下进行。

02

留意先心病的早期症状 心脏彩超及CT可帮助诊断

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