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丰富多彩的迪庆非遗文化
2017-08-13 09:12:23 中国青年网
张国华 文/图
迪庆是一个非物质文化遗产的富矿地,历经千百年来的积累沉淀,这里拥有了以藏族为主体的、包括16个民族相融共济的多民族非物质文化遗产,你中有我,我中有你,闪耀着多民族、多元文化的光彩,引人注目。
虽然,特殊的地理位置给迪庆各民族创造了迁徙往来的条件,各民族文化也得以在此交汇融合发展壮大,但是在那沧桑的岁月里,在经济条件艰苦的情况下,一定程度上大山大河便形成了天然的屏障,加之交通不便,相互来往相对闭塞,使得非遗得以保留完整,独显自己的地方特有文化。从中也可以看得出,随着现代文明的发展,非遗的传承发展与现代文化之间也有不少的冲突,但是这并不是障碍和难题,通过挖掘、整理、传承、保护和发展,可以是永恒的、可持续的,土壤和空间也会得到不断扩展。历史证明,地域的不同,环境的不同,生存方式的不同,地理气候条件的不同,社会发展程度的不同,形成了独具特色的区域性非遗。
非遗与气候物种资源息息相关,丰富的气候物种资源为非遗的形成提供了保障,迪庆的“十里不同天,一山有四季”的多样性气候特征,造就了这里的自然物种的多样性以及当地各民族生产生活方式的差异性,孕育着迪庆各民族的丰富多彩的非遗在此生根发芽、开花结果,不仅有高原藏族糌粑酥油的芳香,还有其他河谷民族稻谷的清香。
非遗是一个民族的文化符号,是最有价值的文化,承载着一个民族文化发展的历程,展现着各民族千百年的智慧结晶。非遗在迪庆各民族的自身传承和各级政府及其非遗保护机构的抢救、传承、保护和发展,语言文字、口传文学、舞蹈、音乐戏剧、节日庆典、服饰、绘画、木雕、手工技艺、民族医药科技、建房技艺、饮食风俗、婚姻与生育习俗、宗教与民间信仰、丧葬习俗等非遗活跃在民间的大宅小院里,飞舞在五光十色的大舞台上,从高原来到平原,从国内走到国外,形式多样地展示出它的魅力,这是非遗的生命延续,发扬光大,越走越远,越走越高,走进世界非遗的殿堂。
“政府主导,社会参与;科学指导,分类保护;合理利用,融入生活”是非遗保护工作的指导思想和原则。通过多年的开展工作,成效显著,截至目前,迪庆有国家级非遗代表性项目名录8项,省级非遗代表性项目名录19项,州级非遗代表性项目名录106项,县级非遗代表性项目名录19项。
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