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好政策更得严落实

2017-08-13 07:16:57   中国青年网

对独生子女群体及家庭在社会保障上多做一些针对性倾斜,是对过去计生政策承诺的兑现

近日,重庆拟立法设立独生子女“护理假”的新闻引发社会各方关注。所谓独生子女“护理假”,是针对家有年满60岁老人需要护理的独生子女所设立的一项人性关怀政策。

有记者仔细梳理发现,近年来已有河南、福建、广西、海南等地出台了类似政策,其独生子女“护理假”的时间在10天到20天不等。可从最早出台该项政策的河南算起,该项政策已执行了一年有余。明明有利民生,却并未在公众舆论上引起太大波澜,甚至很多正迫切需要这一假期的独生子女都不知道这项假期的存在,不能不引发我们更深的思考。

回想当年的计划生育国策曾经使我国人口过快增长的现状得到有效控制,从而为社会节约了大量的经济成本。独生子女的父母曾经承担着巨大的“失独风险”,为我国的计划生育作出了切实的奉献。当这一群体蹒跚迈入“老龄”之际,传统的“养儿防老”却常常成为泡影。在全面开放二孩的时代背景下,对以“居家养老”为主要方式的我国现阶段而言,有效解决独生子女父母的养老问题确实是一件大事。对于这个群体及其家庭,在社会保障上多做一些针对性倾斜,也是对过去计生政策承诺的一种兑现。

但我们注意到,这项人性化政策的出台不但没有引发公众的关注和叫好,还似乎陷入了只是“看上去很美”的窘境和怪圈。目前的独生子女“护理假”还是各个省根据实际情况调整制定的地方性政策,已出台和拟出台的省份还不足10个。各省之间假期的差异也很大,最多的河南省达到了每年20天,而正拟出台的四川省则是每年不低于3天,所在省份尚无这项假期的年轻人只有望洋兴叹。

其实,独生子女“护理假”和年休假一样,都属于带薪休假,这就间接提升了企业的用工成本。特别是在很多“一个萝卜一个坑”的中小企业,年休假都很难保障,这项假期就更难落到实处。很多受访者表示,请假时间长怕领导不批,请假时间短又没有多大用处,而且独生子女护理假又没有列入《劳动法》,找上司理论也底气不足。与此同时,这项政策的出台也让很多非独生子女感到不平,“我们的父母也是空巢老人,也需要子女关心和照顾”。这种权益诉求又该得到怎样的均衡和满足?

解决以上问题的根本,在于要将以独生子女“护理假”为代表的养老普惠政策上升为国家层面的权益保障法规,而不仅仅只是各个地方出台时间不一、力度大小不一的实践探索。这样各个省市才能有法可依,独生子女享受这项惠民政策时才能底气十足。同时,要将此类普惠政策细化,针对非独家庭的空巢老人护理,可以倡导其子女分享假期天数,让非独家庭的老人也能享受到子女温馨的陪伴。

另外,针对各个企业的落实情况,出台配套的监督和保障机制也不容忽视。一方面对政策落实得好的企业给予相应的经济补贴,降低其守法成本;另一方面对于拒不落实的企业设立相关的处罚规则,使带薪护理假更具操作性。

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