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共享经济的命脉在哪里?

2017-08-12 15:58:28   央广网

最近最火的莫过于大城市里新增的风景线——共享单车,以摩拜和OFO小黄车为代表的两家,一南一北,各自获得了不菲的投资和市场的关注。尤其是滴滴投资了OFO,腾讯投资了摩拜,让大家开始津津乐道共享经济。部分人憧憬着某家单车公司能够达到滴滴的规模,也有部分投资人认为,姑且不论其是否是真正的共享经济,这些公司能否盈利都要打上一个大大的问号。

那么,投资人为什么会投资这些还没有盈利的企业?比起传统互联网时代,很多只有用户没有盈利的公司来说,这些有实体产品依托的移动互联网公司,其固定投入和机会成本更高。共享单车之争,真的就是烧钱大战吗?

中国的共享经济巨头们同样面临“想说赚钱不容易”。合并了快的、优步,中国的滴滴即使在市场上“一家独大”,而且摆脱了“烧钱大战”后也并未传来有望盈利的消息。OFO小黄车进入全国200个城市,仅在几个城市实现盈利。摩拜单车CEO王晓峰则在此前直言:“如果我有30%的利润率,为什么要找投资者?为什么让他们来跟我们一起分钱呢?之所以不停地找投资者,就是因为没有清晰的盈利模式。”

共享经济服务商们的“输血”和“造血”能力显然难以平衡。但在盈与亏之间,它们真的能找到更可持续的发展模式吗?或者说得再直接一点,共享经济为什么不赚钱?

这也让“烧钱补贴”成为常态。同样在共享单车领域,尽管和网约车相比,用户对价格相对不十分敏感,但“价格战”同样一再出现:你宣布“周末免费骑”,我就宣布“整周免费骑”;你推出“红包车”,我就推出“骑行得红包”。仅摩拜和OFO两家,每周的补贴费用就达到了千万元级别。

资本疯狂“烧钱”并非只是头脑发热。共享经济意味着对人们生活方式的改变。烧钱是一个行之有效的广告方式,有培养用户的作用,能迅速发现潜在用户、缩短培养潜在用户的时间,比如滴滴快的的补贴,让40岁至50岁的用户也能够快速融入。“烧钱”对于增加活跃用户,以及增强用户黏性的效果都比较显著。

但在培养了用户消费习惯,同时推动市场完成洗牌之后,共享经济依然要回归理性,找到可持续的盈利模式。

从盈利模式上来看,分时租赁产生的租金收入是共享经济盈利最单纯直接的方式,但对于各个细分领域尚未成熟完善的市场,建立“游戏规则”也需要大量投入,比如共享单车要解决车辆折旧、损毁维护乃至智能定点停车的问题,短租领域要面对建立质量评价和反馈机制的问题。

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