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《全民健身指南》给出答案
2017-08-12 10:22:28 中国青年网
8月10日,记者在国家体育总局举行的新闻发布会上获悉,《全民健身指南》(以下简称《指南》)正式对外发布。该《指南》为普通群众在健身过程中的方式、强度、原则、能力测试给出了指导,为不同年龄段的群众健身提供了运动方案。国家体育总局体育文化发展中心主任田野表示,接下来,总局将通过视频、插画、手机APP、可穿戴设备提高《指南》的知识转化和推广,让百姓真正从中受益。
自1995年实施全民健身计划以来,我国群众体育事业蓬勃发展,民众健身意识逐渐增强。但居民超重率和肥胖率持续增加,青少年耐力、成年人肌肉力量等指标并不乐观,老年人在慢性非传染性疾病的发病率呈上升趋势,因而,引导民众积极健身、科学健身便成了当务之急。“《指南》正是在这样的背景下出台的。”田野说,“该指南汇集了包括中国居民体育活动状况调查、国民体质监测、国家‘十五’、‘十一五’、‘十二五’研究成果的大数据,其中的运动能力评价指标数据均来自中国人的实测数据,符合国人的体育活动状况和健身效果特征,具有权威性。”
《指南》指出,有氧运动是目前国内最受欢迎的体育活动方式,而中等强度(心率在100~140次/分,通常采用健步走、慢跑、打太极拳等健身方式)的有氧运动则是老年人最安全的体育活动方式。力量练习可以提高肌肉力量,成年以后,随着年龄的增长,力量练习应该逐年增加。而球类运动可以提高心肺功能、肌肉力量和反应能力,是青少年首选的体育运动项目。
健身活动时间方面,经常参加体育锻炼的人,每天有效体育健身活动时间应为30~90分钟。有体育健身习惯的人每周应该运动3~7天,每天进行30~60分钟的中等强度,或20~25分钟的大强度运动(心率超过140次/分,通常有快速骑自行车、快速爬山、登楼梯等方式)。如果每周进行300分钟中等强度运动或150分钟大强度运动,健身效果更佳。
而一次完整的健身活动则应该包括准备活动、基本活动、放松活动。“现在很多人直接跳过准备活动,进入基本活动,运动结束后也没有放松拉伸。”田野说。一般来说,准备活动应有5~10分钟,而运动后可以慢跑或采用牵拉练习,有利于消除疲劳,避免身体出现不适症状。
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