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山东环保,一直在路上

2017-08-12 08:19:45   中国青年网

□ 本报记者 王亚楠

今年上半年,全省环境空气质量优良天数比例平均为51.6%,同比增加2.9个百分点。而这2.9个百分点的由来,是上半年4项主要大气污染物——PM2.5、PM10、二氧化硫、二氧化氮平均浓度同比分别下降9.7%、10.4%、28.6%、2.6%。

仰望蓝天,心舒气朗。在环保人眼里,蓝天就是这样一串串专业数据,以及这些数据改善背后的机制、措施、努力。

遭遇挫折之后思考长效机制

大气生态补偿制度,是山东在全国的首创。2013年,山东环保遭遇前所未有的挫折:作为实施《山东省2013-2020年大气污染防治规划》的第一年,也即我省“蓝天梦”的起步之年,山东却同全国很多地方一样,初次见识到了雾霾的威力,一年终了,结果却是“一年的污染反弹几乎抵消了前两年的治理成果”。也正是这样的挫折,促使山东环保去思考:究竟怎样才能稳定、长效地推动大气环境质量改善?

2014年2月,山东在全国率先出台环境空气质量生态补偿办法。“气质”考核、生态奖补迅速引起热议,当年带来全省PM2.5平均浓度同比改善16.3%,引发全国多地效仿。截至今年上半年,省级财政已累计发放生态补偿资金8.04亿元,有关市累计上缴3849.5万元,全省空气质量继续保持改善势头。

最初,山东大气生态补偿办法侧重于改善,尤其是原本空气质量基础较差的内陆城市,通过建体系、明机制、强措施,实现了较大改观。今年,山东作出调整,不仅强调改善,还要促进胶东半岛城市群空气质量绝对水平的提升、打造山东沿海城市自由呼吸的“气质”名片。对于空气质量连续两年稳定达到国家二级标准的城市,省政府将予以通报表扬并给予一次性奖励,免除下一年度考核;各项大气主要污染物年均浓度达到相应标准的,也给予最高600万元的一次性奖励。

原本空气质量底子较好的沿海城市,积极性得到很大调动。上半年“气质”考核结果出炉,日照市获得1698万元生态补偿资金,摘得17市之冠。紧随其后的莱芜、青岛、枣庄、济宁,获得省级奖补的数额都在1600万元以上。

这5市之中,既有最初开始实施生态奖补制度时一般认为改善空间不大的沿海城市,也不乏被认为因产业结构在“气质”改善上特别“吃亏”的城市。专业人士认为,通过“气质”考核制度的不断完善,从当初考核时的“一枝独秀”,到渐渐“群峰竞秀”,是一种进步。

诸多创新举措在全国叫响

流域治理的“治用保”、环境监测的第三方运营等,都是山东环保在全国叫响的创新举措。

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