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鼻子分不出酱油醋 可能是得了帕金森

2017-08-11 16:36:48   中国青年网

北京大学人民医院神经内科 徐燕

如果身体出现小变化,又长期不理会,拖久了可能就会酿成健康大麻烦,因为这些小变化可能就是某些疾病的“征兆”。今天来聊一聊“嗅觉减退”,通俗说就是感觉到自己的“鼻子不那么灵”了,别人能闻到的气味,自己却迟迟闻不到,饭烧糊了也闻不到,甚至有人连酱油和醋也闻不出区别。这个看似微不足道,包括一些医生在内都认为是看似不起眼的小毛病,实际上可能反映了一个健康大问题。

相信很多人都对这一幕记忆深刻:1996年亚特兰大奥运会开幕式上,昔日的拳王阿里身体摇晃着,用他僵硬的上肢和颤抖的手缓慢地点燃奥运圣火。也就是从这一刻开始,全世界的人都知道了拳王阿里患了帕金森病。帕金森病是一个多见于老年人的神经系统变性疾病,发病率随年龄增长而增加,主要导致病人的运动障碍,也是一种慢性致残性疾病。帕金森病的特征性表现主要与运动相关(简称运动症状),震颤、肌肉僵直和行动迟缓是运动症状的核心表现,也可以用三个字来概括病人的运动症状,即“抖、僵、慢”。但是,大家知道吗?帕金森病人还有一些和运动关系不大、常常出现却又常常被忽视的症状,也是帕金森在“发信号”,称之为“非运动症状”。在非运动症状表现中,最常见的现象就是嗅觉减退即“鼻子不灵了”这个身体小变化。超过90%的帕金森病人都有“鼻子不灵”的症状,约50%的帕金森病人在早期就会出现嗅觉减退或丧失,而且会出现在运动症状前的3至7年,所以很容易被忽视。

国际运动障碍协会新发布的《帕金森病临床诊断标准》中,首次将嗅觉减退列为确诊帕金森病的支持标准之一。不要小看非运动症状的威力,它常出现在运动症状的“抖、僵、慢”之前,除了嗅觉减退之外,其它常见的非运动症状表现还有精神异常,如焦虑或抑郁、便秘、失眠。并且,这些非运动症状可以慢慢地侵蚀掉帕金森病人的生活乐趣,让他们苦不堪言,生活质量严重受损。

在日常生活中,如果身边有 “非运动症状”的老人一旦出现轻微“抖僵慢”的症状,需要想到帕金森病的可能,要及时到医院就诊。

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