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比“进校园”可贵的是戏曲“在校园”

2017-08-11 08:34:10   央广网

每年一场,全国大中小学生可免费睇戏!日前,中宣部、教育部、财政部、文化部出台《关于戏曲进校园的实施意见》,明确到2018年,争取实现全国所有大中小学每个学生每年免费欣赏1场优秀戏曲演出;到2020年,戏曲进校园实现常态化、机制化、普及化,基本实现全覆盖。

戏曲是中华文化的瑰宝,这一点即便不是戏迷的朋友也知道。生旦净末丑,手眼身法步,丝竹管弦鼓,唱念做打舞……中国戏曲作为与希腊悲喜剧、印度梵剧并列的世界三大古老戏剧文化,“流派”繁多,魅力独特,千百年来为广大群众所喜闻乐见,在历史长河中绽放着夺目的光彩。

而戏曲进校园,意义重大。“三五步走遍天下,六七人千军万马”,戏剧这种艺术形式吸收了诗歌、音乐、舞蹈、美术、武术等各种文化艺术之精华,展现着独特的审美风范。教育家蔡元培说过,美育是人类打开心灵窗户不可缺少的工程。戏曲能帮助学生认识美、发现美,见证传统文化艺术的迷人风采。除了美之外,还有真,还有善。岳飞戏、关公戏、包公戏、杨家将戏……很多经典曲目讲述是非、善恶、忠奸,弘扬家国情怀、优秀品格、善良人性,传递着中华民族的崇高价值追求。所以,戏曲进校园,让学生在繁忙的学习之余接受戏曲的熏陶,可以帮助学生陶冶情操、涵养心灵,从一招一式、唱念做打中加深对传统文化的理解和感悟。

此外,对戏曲本身而言,进校园也是圈粉良机。看过去,从城里到乡间,处处搭台唱戏;从引车卖浆者到王公贵族、商贾文人,多是戏曲“粉丝”。比如鲁迅不爱看戏,也难忘幼时看戏的场景。他在《社戏》里深情追忆:“真的,一直到现在……也不再看到那夜似的好戏了。”但看如今,很多剧种失宠,戏迷锐减——其实很多人只是缺少接触、了解的机会,而戏曲进校园让学生与戏曲文化亲密接触,有望让更多年轻观众“路转粉”,促进传统艺术薪火相传。

不过,戏曲进校园虽易,要达成以上效果却不简单。为什么?因为校门好进,“心门”难开,戏曲进校园的对手主要是学生的“内心戏”。比如当年读书的时候,也有类似“高雅艺术进校园”的活动,但一听说表演传统戏曲,很多同学直接敬而远之。在部分年轻人眼里,戏曲的表演比较“拖沓”,而且唱词晦涩,很多人觉得无法欣赏、会看睡着,所以即便不要钱,也不太愿意去看。

所谓“强扭的瓜不甜”,想让每个学生每年欣赏一场戏曲,这要求戏曲进校园时要“会玩”。比如在曲目选择上,除了针对不同学龄阶段的特点、由浅而深,还可以提供“菜单”式服务,让学生“点菜”。当然,戏曲进校园也不能只是观看表演,有学校“定制”了戏曲知识普及读本,将脸谱文化、卡通造型、道具制作、舞美设计等贯穿其中;广州还有小学引导孩子动手制作粤剧中的云肩、集体看粤剧、试戏服等。不少孩子反馈:原来粤剧也可以这么好玩!

此外,艺术表演讲究“台上一分钟,台下十年功”,其实艺术熏陶也是如此。它是一个长期的、潜移默化的过程,一年一两次进校园活动即便声势再浩大,其影响力也毕竟有限。所以,比戏曲进校园更可贵的,是戏曲“在”校园。以广州的探索来看,早在2014年,广州就发布了《广州市粤剧进校园工作方案》,每年下拨专项经费供开展粤剧的专家授课、成立小小剧社、交流演出等活动。以荔湾区三元坊小学为例,如今很多学生不仅对粤剧略知一二,有的还学会了吹拉弹唱,能在舞台上体验“跌宕”的人生……

总之,戏曲进校园是弘扬传统文化、实施素质教育的一项重要举措。对学生来说,审美、情操等都是“熏”出来的,它是慢的艺术,不能急,不能“暴饮暴食”。相信假以时日,“生旦净末丑”能觅得更多知音,戏曲进校园也能带给人们更多惊喜。

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