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“失败学”里有“金矿”
2017-08-11 06:18:22 中国青年网
欧阳金雨
近日读到一本马云的书。书中,马云大谈分享失败的理念,他说:“所有失败是最佳的营养,企业越大碰到的困难越大,我不断去思考别人在这个关键时刻怎么跨过去的。”马云力捧“失败学”不是首次,其主创的湖畔大学就一直将研究失败和失败教育作为教学核心。
这些年“成功学”盛行,各种技巧攻略、交往之道盛行,以至于令人厌烦,于是现在人们开始重视失败了。这是一件好事。
其实,不少国家十分重视对失败的研究,美国曾创办《失败》杂志,日本科技厅有“活用失败知识研究会”,俄罗斯建立了“失败学纪念馆”。瑞典心理学家韦斯特,因厌倦各种发明的成功故事,别出心裁地开办了一家“失败博物馆”,引起了世界各国的关注。新可乐、谷歌眼镜、绿色的亨氏番茄酱、高露洁牌速冻千层面……“失败博物馆”里陈列了70件失败的发明展品。
有数据显示,世界上有80%至90%的创新产品都以失败告终。然而,因为不少人讳言失败,不愿意公开承认失败,也不愿意向世人展示失败教训,人们一般很少看到失败品的踪影。韦斯特建造“失败博物馆”时,曾访问几十家大企业,但90%的企业家拒绝给他提供材料。
某种程度上,失败的经验比成功更有价值。例如,过去失败的谷歌眼镜,如今又回来了。2012年,因为高昂的售价和与售价不对称的实用性,市场给谷歌眼镜来了一记残酷的直拳,把它打回实验室。时至今日,虚拟现实行业的发展与五年前不可同日而语,当年谷歌眼镜面临的软硬件困境据说如今都找到了更好的解决方案。因此,谷歌总结教训,做了一款专为企业用户服务的眼镜。尽管市场仍对其前景存疑,但就“创新意识”和树立企业形象而言,谷歌显然已经赢了。
从宏观层面的改革,到微观领域的创新,绝非一帆风顺。不讳言失败,勇于并善于把失败当作“成功之母”而潜心研究,就必定能从中找出规避失败、赢得生机的规律和良计妙策。
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