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让戏曲在学生心中生根开花

2017-08-10 05:32:11   中国青年网

【文化评析】

中宣部、教育部、财政部、文化部日前联合出台《关于戏曲进校园的实施意见》(以下简称《意见》)。《意见》明确,2018年,争取实现全国所有大中小学每个学生每年免费欣赏1场优秀戏曲演出。到2020年,戏曲进校园实现常态化、机制化、普及化,基本实现全覆盖。《意见》的出台,从国家政策层面为各地开展戏曲进校园活动提供了支持,为进一步传承和弘扬优秀传统戏曲艺术开辟了新的路径。

戏曲进校园,是增强学生民族认同感和文化自信的有效途径。戏曲有着上千年的历史,现存约300个剧种、数以万计的剧目。可以说,每一个剧种、每一出优秀剧目都是一本生动鲜活的地方历史文化教科书。戏曲艺术是中华民族厚重历史文化的积淀,是民族优秀传统文化活的载体,传承与弘扬戏曲艺术关系着民族精神的维系与传递。戏曲进校园,有助于让学生在近距离的体验中,在优秀剧目的耳濡目染中,加深对传统文化的理解和感悟,进而增强民族认同感和自豪感,增强文化自信。

戏曲进校园,将促进校园美育与德育的有机结合。戏曲是美的,绝美的扮相、精致的行头、矫健的武功、铿锵的锣鼓、婉转的吟唱等无不体现着中华民族的传统审美情趣。国学大师王国维说:“戏曲者,谓以歌舞演故事也。”每一台戏曲剧目都是一个引人入胜的或悲或喜,或慷慨激昂或缠绵悱恻的故事。戏曲进校园,让学生在观赏、学习戏曲剧目的同时,在潜移默化中读懂是与非、善与恶、美与丑、忠与奸,引导学生树立正确的价值观。

戏曲进校园为戏曲艺术的传承发展打开了新天地。戏曲进校园,不仅将在校园内,而且将在全社会营造支持戏曲传承发展的良好氛围。传承发展戏曲,最关键的是人。戏曲进校园将视线转移到学生身上,不仅可以培育年轻观众,而且将有机会在学生中发掘传承戏曲艺术的好苗子,助力戏曲人才梯队建设。古老戏曲与“脑洞大开”的现代学生相遇,将为戏曲的创新发展带来新的血液、新的思路。在学生心中种下戏曲的种子,戏曲艺术才能不断生根开花,结出丰硕的果实。

当前,戏曲进校园仍面临一些现实问题,比如一些地方戏曲人才凋零,短时期内难以满足师资需求。戏曲进校园,既要尊重艺术的规律,也要尊重教育的规律,还必须体现当地的传统文化特色,这对戏曲教材的编写、课程的设置也提出了挑战。

此外,学校的戏曲教育不能仅仅停留在看戏听戏的浅表层面,还要激发学生的兴趣,提高学生参与度,引导学生用心去感受、思考戏曲艺术背后深层的文化内涵和精神价值。与之对应的,戏曲教学时间的分配、课时所占的比重、教学效果的科学评估等,也有待进一步研究解决。

(作者:李锦云)

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