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降低企业杠杆率已取得初步成效

2017-08-10 08:34:31   

近期召开的全国金融工作会议进一步明确提出“坚定不移通过综合措施手段推动降低企业杠杆率工作”。对此,国家发改委于9日在其官方网站发表文章表示,我国降低企业杠杆率工作已取得初步成效。这些工作和成效体现在以下方面。

完善政策积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率。在国务院印发《关于积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率的意见》后,相关部门积极主动作为,研究出台《市场化银行债权转股权专项债券发行指引》、《关于落实降低企业杠杆率税收支持政策的通知》等一系列配套支持政策,初步形成支持降低企业杠杆率的政策体系。

降低企业杠杆率主要举措取得积极进展。各地区、各部门、各市场主体坚持稳中求进总基调,按照市场化法治化原则,积极主动工作,降低企业杠杆率7大途径均取得积极进展。其中,在兼并重组和企业依法破产方面,共推动4组9家中央企业的重组事项,2017年1—5月,我国上市公司兼并重组交易金额为7107.5亿元,交易数量3086件。在完善现代企业制度方面,着力通过国有企业混合所有制改革建立企业杠杆负债自我约束的机制,截至目前共有19家企业正在推进混合所有制改革,效果正在显现。在市场化债转股方面,各类实施机构与钢铁、煤炭、化工、装备制造等行业中具有发展前景的70余家高负债企业积极协商谈判达成市场化债转股协议,协议金额超过1万亿元,这些协议的落地实施不仅可以推动企业杠杆率下降,而且会有力推动国有企业混合所有制改革,有助于建立企业负债杠杆自我约束长效机制。在发展股权融资方面,截止目前,上市公司数量为3326家,新三板挂牌公司超过1.1万家,区域性股权市场挂牌公司累计超过1.8万家,股票融资规模达到6.19万亿。

降低企业杠杆率成效初显,债务风险得到有效控制。一是我国总杠杆率上升速度明显放缓,正趋于稳定。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,截至2016年末,我国总体杠杆率为257%,同比增幅较上季度末下降4.4个百分点,连续3个季度保持下降趋势;环比增幅较上季度末下降1.6个百分点,连续5个季度保持下降趋势。二是我国企业杠杆率已开始下降。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,我国2016年末非金融企业杠杆率为166.3%,连续两个季度环比下降或持平,这是我国非金融企业杠杆率连续19个季度上升后首次改变上升趋势。三是我国信贷/GDP缺口保持下降。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,截至2016年末,我国信贷/GDP缺口24.6%,较2016年一季度末降低4.2个百分点,已连续3个季度下降,下降趋势明显,显示我国潜在债务压力正趋于减轻。四是我国微观杠杆率也呈下降趋势。截至今年6月末,我国规模以上工业企业资产负债率55.9%,同比下降0.8个百分点,企业资产负债率过高的问题在逐步缓解。

发改委还表示,要进一步突出重点,全力以赴推动降低企业杠杆率工作取得更大成效。一是重点作好国有企业降低企业杠杆率工作。必须标本兼治,长短结合,一方面积极开展包括市场化债转股在内的各类债务重组,另一方面要加快完善国有企业现代治理结构,推动国有企业混合所有制改革,建立国有企业负债杠杆自我和外部约束机制,以体制机制控制国有企业杠杆率上升。二是积极探索僵尸企业债务有效处置方式。完善激励约束机制,作好兜底保障,切实破除“僵尸企业”僵而不死的各类障碍,推动通过市场化法治化方式实现“僵尸企业”“安乐死”,以提高资源使用效率。三是推动市场化债转股进一步发挥综合性作用。要继续完善和落实各领域支持政策,引导相关实施机构通过市场化法治化方式筛选有发展前景的高负债企业实施债转股,使债转股成为降低企业杠杆率的一件利器,并以债转股为契机推动企业尤其是国有企业改革改组改制,促进企业实现股权多元化和治理结构的进一步完善。

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