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磷酸化密码被破解

2017-08-10 08:32:02   中国青年网

本报讯(记者 黄海华)目前,40%左右的上市药物以G蛋白偶联受体(简称GPCR)为靶点。2015年中国科学院上海药物研究所徐华强研究员领衔国际上28个实验室,利用世界最强的X射线激光成功解析了一个经典的GPCR视紫红质与阻遏蛋白复合物的晶体结构,揭示了GPCR如何激活阻遏蛋白信号通路。时隔两年,徐华强合作团队继续发现了磷酸化视紫红质与阻遏蛋白相互作用的“密码”,而这一“密码”对整个GPCR蛋白组具有普遍性,将有助于研发高效低毒药物。这一突破性成果日前以封面文章发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《细胞》。

当光和气味等发出信号,位于细胞表面的GPCR犹如“信号兵”,通过下游G蛋白和阻遏蛋白两条主要的信号通路来传导信息,让人们对所处的缤纷世界有了真切感受。视紫红质正是一个经典的GPCR,可以感应到光信号,激活视觉功能。徐华强领衔的国际合作团队在2015年率先发表了视紫红质与阻遏蛋白复合物的晶体结构,为揭示GPCR与阻遏蛋白的相互作用奠定了结构学基础。

GPCR与阻遏蛋白的相互作用依赖于GPCR的磷酸化来介导。磷酸化是怎么发生的呢?这一“密码”在2015年的探寻中没有找到。此次发表于《细胞》的文章不仅提供了视紫红质和阻遏蛋白复合物整体组装的结构信息,更重要的是破解了GPCR招募阻遏蛋白的磷酸化密码,即通过其尾部氨基酸的磷酸化来招募并与阻遏蛋白结合。

这一发现有何意义?据介绍,小分子药物由于选择性低等问题,会作用于和疾病无关联的GPCR 引发“脱靶效应”,从而导致毒副作用。磷酸化密码的发现,有助于研发选择性靶向其中一条信号通路的药物,使其具有更好的疗效。

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