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山东农业专家:贯彻落实《农药管理条例》 强化禁限用农药监督管理
齐鲁网8月10日讯新修订的《农药管理条例》于今年6月1日实施,是我国农业领域一部重要的行政法规。这一法规的实施,为推进质量兴农,保障农产品质量安全,推动资源节约与环境友好型现代农业建设,提供了坚实有力的法律依据,标志着我国农药管理工作和农药产业发展进入了新的阶段。当前,限制使用农药的管理仍然是农药监管的重点,山东省农业专家顾问团农产品质量安全分团以百草枯为例,对加强限制使用农药管理提出几点思考。
一、当前百草枯有关情况及存在问题
百草枯是一种触杀型的灭生性除草剂,属中等毒性农药,主要是通过接触到杂草的绿色部位,影响杂草的光合作用,从而达到快速终止杂草的生长。但百草枯口服或长期直接接触,对人体危害较大,且无特效解毒药。中毒48小时后,患者的肺、肝、肾等脏器的中毒症状逐步显现,特别是肺部出现纤维化,可能拖延10~20天因严重缺氧而痛苦死亡。中毒后抢救不及时,死亡率达90%以上。
农业部、工信部、国家质检总局于2012年联合发布公告,对百草枯水剂采取限制性管理措施。从2016年7月1日起停止在国内销售和使用。2016年4月,省农业厅以鲁农药字〔2016〕6号文件印发《关于加强百草枯产品管理的通知》,在山东区域停止经营、使用百草枯水剂。从一年多来的情况看,总体效果明显,市面上见不到百草枯水剂买卖,农业生产没有受到影响。通过中国农药工业协会了解的我省省立医院收治中毒病例数据看,2015年为159例,2016年为82例,2017年上半年为38例,呈逐年下降趋势。但是,个别农药经营者和使用者存留停止销售的百草枯水剂,也存在极少数生产企业在敌草快添加百草枯成分或用百草枯冒充敌草快的现象。如不及时查处收缴,存在很大隐患。
二、加强限制使用农药管理的几点建议
全面贯彻落实好《农药管理条例》,努力实现对限制使用农药产、销、用无缝隙监管。一是强化限制使用农药生产企业的监管,减少剧毒、高毒农药生产数量,加强生产环节的管控。二是加强农药经营门店的监管,严格落实限制使用农药定点经营和实名购买制度。三是推行全面禁止经营剧毒、高毒农药的威海、青岛等地做法,实行统一进货、统一储备、统一使用、统一废弃物回收,实现网格化监管,加大力度打击限制使用农药的违规使用行为。四是加强宣传培训,贯彻《农药管理条例》《山东省农产品质量安全监督管理规定》等法律法规,加强对广大生产者合理用药的培训指导,营造社会共治的良好局面。
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