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老人腰痛要警惕 小心骨质疏松性骨折

2017-08-10 05:04:08   中国青年网

市民张女士今年71岁,一周前弯腰洗漱后起身时,忽然感到腰痛,日常生活也受到影响。在家卧床休息后,疼痛越来越严重。于是她来到山西大医院骨科门诊,医生为她做了腰椎X片检查,发现她的第2腰椎有楔形变化,门诊以“第2腰椎压缩骨折”诊断收入院。经询问,医生得知,张女士六年前已被确诊为骨质疏松症,但她一直没有进行正规的治疗。这一次因轻度活动后导致腰椎压缩性骨折,被明确诊断为骨质疏松性骨折,行经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术后,疼痛明显减轻。

山西大医院骨科主任医师刘强介绍,骨质疏松就像春天里的萝卜,外面皮很硬,里面却糠了。骨质疏松症最严重的后果就是骨折,骨质疏松患者也常常因此而入院。而脊柱骨折是常见的骨质疏松性骨折,往往外伤较轻,或无明显外伤史,因此,易漏诊或误诊为腰背肌劳损。

对此,刘强提醒65岁以上的老年人、45岁以前就已经绝经的妇女、嗜烟酗酒人群,以及长期使用影响骨代谢药物(糖皮质激素、肝素等)、甲状腺功能亢进、甲状旁腺功能亢进、低骨密度患者都应该早期预防。

同时,刘强也给大家开出了日常生活中骨质疏松的防治处方:

饮食:可选择钙含量丰富的食物,如奶制品、豆制品、海产品、绿色蔬菜和坚果等,以及低盐和适量蛋白的均衡膳食。

运动:运动可以降低老年人骨骼的骨量流失速率,也可以调节神经内分泌,促进钙的吸收和利用,而且还能够改善平衡能力,降低老年人摔倒的风险,可进行慢跑、爬山、散步等。需要特别提醒的是,对于已有骨质疏松的患者一定要避免碰撞,以免引发骨折,避免剧烈运动,同时,又要保持一定的负重速度。

生活方式:避免嗜烟、酗酒、过量饮用咖啡等,慎用影响骨代谢的药物,采取防止跌倒的各种措施。每天晒太阳20-30分钟,以促进维生素D的合成,有利于肠道钙的吸收。

本报记者 薛琳

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