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穿不好鞋小心足跟痛

2017-08-09 04:03:53   中国青年网

本报记者王恺凝 通讯员陈梦圆 计晓娇

几乎每一个中老年人都有过不同程度足跟疼痛的经历,给生活和工作带来困扰。相关数据显示,在中国足跟痛在中老年人中的发病率达到10%-20%,在国外则更高。

足跟痛的典型表现就是早晨起床后站立或走路时疼痛较重,不红不肿,却行走不便。若治疗不及时,轻者行走疼痛,重者不能下床行走。

多种因素 可引起足跟疼痛

据武汉市第四医院足踝外科谢鸣主任介绍,足跟痛在医学上称为跟痛症,是一个大类的疾病,足跟的骨质、筋膜、关节等病变都可能引起跟痛症。

跟痛症多见于老人;活动量大、体重超标、抽烟、长期站立工作者,先天性足部力线不好、腓肠肌挛缩等患者都容易发生跟痛症。

谢鸣介绍,在临床中最常见的导致足跟疼痛的因素是骨质疏松导致的骨质衰败和退变。随着年纪增长,骨质逐渐衰败,不如年轻时那样坚固,行走或者站立时间过长,就可能导致应力性骨折,引起疼痛。足跟处脂肪垫的萎缩也可能导致足跟疼痛。人的足跟下有厚厚的脂肪垫,在足跟和地面之间起到缓冲作用。因为消瘦、长期卧床或者外伤导致脂肪垫萎缩之后,跟骨失去缓冲也会出现跟痛症。足底筋膜炎也是引起疼痛的常见疾病。足底有跖腱膜,像一根皮带连接着足跟和前足,起点就在足跟处。如果反复过度拉伸,那么跖腱膜就会退化、发炎。在炎症的反复刺激下患处会逐渐生长出骨刺,引起疼痛。

谢鸣说,经常穿高跟鞋的女性也是足底筋膜炎的高发人群。由于长期穿高跟鞋足跟所受到的压力比平底鞋的压力更大。如果是肥胖的女性,那足部所承受的压力就更大了,关节的负重也会加大。除了久站、不合理的按摩等,长距离的走路、跑步、爬山、逛商场等,都是导致足底筋膜炎的隐患。

此外,谢鸣表示,肿瘤患者也可能出现足跟痛。一方面可能是出现癌细胞骨转移,导致足跟疼痛;另一方面,放化疗很容易导致跟骨骨质的衰败,出现应力性骨折。

不同原因所致的足跟痛临床表现不尽一样,例如足底筋膜炎常见在足跟底内侧疼痛为主,早上起床刚落地或者久坐突然起身时疼痛明显,行走一段距离之后有所缓解。谢鸣主任解释,卧床或者坐着时,足部没有负重,足底筋膜处于缩短状态,突然负重走路,足底筋膜产生较大较快的牵拉,因而引起疼痛,行走一段时间后,筋膜放松,疼痛就有所缓解。

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