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网约车发生交通事故后保险公司应该如何理赔

2017-08-09 10:01:25   中国青年网

一审判决人保南京分公司在交强险责任限额内赔偿原告程某某,其余由被告张某赔付原告。该判决已发生法律效力。

【规则解析】

本文所指的网约车是车主通过手机软件接入互联网相关平台提供有偿运送乘客的私家车辆。网约车是近几年我国城市迅速兴起的新生交通工具,在快速被社会认知和接纳的同时,相关安全问题也日益凸显。2016年7月,交通运输部联合公安部等七部门公布《关于深化改革推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)和《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》(以下简称《暂行办法》)虽然明确了私家车符合条件经过一定程序可转化为网约车运营,但目前相关法律对网约车营运中网约车平台、网约车司机、保险公司如何进行责任分配等没有规定,加上我国保险业尚未开展此类险种的风险保障制度。因此,网约车在营运中发生交通事故致人或致车辆损害后,保险公司应当如何理赔是司法实践中的新问题。就笔者着眼的一些案例裁判结果不尽统一,主要表现在保险人可否免责及免责范围的认定。在现有法律的适用中,审理此类案件的裁判规则应把握以下几点:

网约车运客行为的性质认定

按照我国现行车辆管理法规,机动车辆按其使用用途分为营运和非营运两大类别。营运车辆的准许和牌照发放采取特许制,没有取得运输营业许可的车辆禁止从事运输经营活动。而此类案例中均是以自用名义投保的车辆,车主通过互联网相关平台有偿运送不特定乘客,其实质是实施了营运性质的运输行为,改变了车辆原有登记的性质。从网约车车主与乘客之间的交易亦表明,车主与乘客达成合意,乘客以按打车软件计算的金额为对价换取了车主提供的运输服务,亦符合营利性运输行为特征。按照前述的《指导意见》和《暂行办法》规定,私家车进行网约车行为,必须通过一定的程序转化为合规的营运车辆之后才可以从事经营性的运输服务。由此可见,车主以自用名义的车辆实施网约有偿载客是改变营用性质的行为。

网约车营运行为对保险免责的认定

保险公司在车辆保险业务中亦根据前述车辆管理规定,将被保险车辆分为家庭自用和营运车辆两种,并设置了不同的保险费率,营运车辆的保费接近家庭自用的两倍。在保险合同约定中,保险费与车辆的危险程度是对价关系。如果保险标的危险程度显著增加,保险事故发生的可能性超过订立保险合同时的情形,保险公司可以增加保费或者解除合同并返还剩余保费。由此,相较于家庭自用车辆,营运车辆的运行里程多,使用频率高,发生交通事故的概率也自然更大,会明显增加投保车辆危险程度。依照现行保险法第五十二条规定,保险标的危险程度显著增加而发生的保险事故,投保人又未及时告知保险人的,保险人不承担赔偿保险金的责任。这是保险人的法定免责条款。如本案被告张某将自用车擅自营运,又未及时履行通知义务,且在营运行为中发生了交通事故导致他人人身损伤,因此法院依法判决人保公司在商业三者险内不负赔偿责任。

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