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10万对2亿,网约车怎样满足需求

2017-08-08 05:31:17   中国青年网

交通运输部等7部门出台《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》已满一年。据保守计算,目前网约车用户超过2亿人,而全国只有不到10万名合法持证上岗的网约车司机,供需矛盾非常尖锐。在很多城市,“打车难”“打车贵”等现象叠加出现。

一年前,伴随着网约车合法化的步伐,舆论高度期待市场的胜利。一年后的今天,很多大城市又重回出租车为主的老路。市场上没有如愿出现良性竞争。

《暂行办法》第40条规定,“各地可根据本办法结合本地实际规定制定具体实施细则”。据此,各地次第出台的管理办法多有限制条款,无论是车牌、车龄、车型,还是驾驶员户籍、年龄,抑或是对兼职车的拒绝等,基本上立足于“禁”。从市场层面看,呈现出“两少”的显著变化。一是网约车司机数量减少。据披露,截至2017年7月27日17时,广州市网约车驾驶员核发驾驶员证4215张,巡游车驾驶员申领网约车驾驶员证4179张,而去年6月份网约车注册司机有近50万。二是网约车数量减少。受政策影响,网约车在2016年下半年大量转向出租车。另据统计,全国目前发放网约车运营证约5万本。

各地规范网约车的初衷不难理解,现在的问题则是,一旦将网约车完全管死,民众的出行便利又该如何保障?尽管此前交通专家认为,目前巡游出租车至少还有10%至15%、合规网约车至少还有20%的潜能可以发挥,然而在车辆供给总量严重不足的情况下,试图通过此类枝节性手段破解难题,未免一厢情愿。何况,从经济人理性出发,既然稀缺可以寻求高价,当然会滋生惰性并抑制所谓的“潜能”发挥。

因此,当前之计不应该只是媒体盘点,相关部门也应该启动周详的市场调查,搞清楚这一年来各地网约车市场的精准数据,并结合市场情况进行政策评估,看看新政实施以来的效果究竟如何?同时,要对各地的实施细则进行合法性审查,这既是下一步宏观决策、精准治理的基础,也是政府与市场、社会良性互动的途径。

这就要求继续深入贯彻全面深化改革的精神,从市场的实际与民众的需求出发,既要避免出现网约车野蛮生长的情形,也要对新经济新业态新模式多一些包容与审慎。必须看到,网约车能否健康发展,不仅关系到部分人群的创业就业,也关系到城市能否给生活于其中的人提供更便利的生活环境。

公共政策要一路向前,冲破种种固有的藩篱,不断激活并释放人群的活力与创造力,同时也不妨适时地往回看看,多一些纵向的比较与权衡,多一些横向的参照与借鉴,看看有无偏颇、是不是激进、如何才是最佳均衡等。事实上,公共政策从来就没有最好,只有更好,必要的查漏补缺、适时的纠偏匡正本就是治理能力现代化的组成部分。

(作者:胡印斌)

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