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民意分化加大欧盟决策“无力感”

2017-08-08 06:38:47   中国青年网

希腊自2010年陷入债务危机以来经济缩水25%,民众深受经济危机之苦、生活水准明显下降,对欧洲前景判断较为消极。图为一位老者走过无家可归者露宿的雅典街头。

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隶属欧盟委员会的民调机构“欧洲晴雨表”最新民调显示,恐怖主义成为欧洲人头号关切,难民危机和经济形势紧随其后。虽然受访者对欧盟未来的看法在朝着积极的方向转变,但这种转变是非常缓慢和艰难的。鉴于目前对于欧盟形象形成的严重对立的两种民意,欧盟的未来存在着很大的不确定性。

恐怖主义成为欧洲人最为关切的挑战

“您认为欧盟当前面临的最大挑战是什么?”答案选项包括恐怖主义、移民问题、经济形势、就业不振等。选择恐怖主义的人数最多,达到44%,比去年秋季上升12个百分点。这一数据出自欧盟委员会日前公布的一份民调。

此次民调由隶属欧盟委员会的官方民调机构“欧洲晴雨表”实施,对欧盟28个成员国和5个欧盟候选国约3.3万名受访者展开面对面访问。该民调机构每年在春季和秋季各进行一次民意调查,对民众最为关切的事项和欧盟形象进行跟踪观察与研究。

“恐怖主义成为欧洲人最为关切的挑战。”欧盟委员会称,去年秋季的民调中仅有一个成员国的受访者将恐怖主义视为首要挑战,而本次民调中有21个成员国的受访者认为恐怖主义是欧盟当前面临的最大难题。

“欧洲晴雨表”援引其历史民调结果称,2015年以前,恐怖主义一直不是欧洲人的普遍关切,当年11月法国巴黎发生恐怖袭击之后,欧洲人逐渐开始关切这一问题,而随着恐怖袭击在欧洲多国肆虐,民众对恐怖主义的关切度也日益增强,超过了此前一直困扰欧洲民众的难民问题。

在今年的民调中,38%的受访者认为难民问题是欧盟面临的最大挑战,这一比例比去年秋季下降了7个百分点。紧随其后的是经济形势。有评论指出,相比难民问题和经济形势,人身安全成了欧洲人最为关心的问题,在一个没有安全感的地方生活,其他事情都显得不那么重要了。

欧盟成员国之间越来越难以达成共识

2016年,英国举行“脱欧”公投,民粹主义浪潮在法国、荷兰和德国等国不断高涨,疑欧主义思潮甚嚣尘上,欧洲一体化进程遭到沉重打击,欧盟形象也受到前所未有的损害。悲观主义的阴云笼罩着欧盟的前景,去年秋季的民调显示,欧洲民众对欧盟的信心跌至历史新低,仅36%的受访者对欧盟表示信任。

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