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以公平方式强化住房保障(人民时评)

2017-08-08 05:32:18   中国青年网

商品房市场调控重在防风险,共有产权住房重在保障住房权利,防风险与重民生两端并重,才能逐步建立房地产市场长效调控机制

全装修成品交房,倡导“互联网+城市规划建设管理”的新理念,非北京户籍的“新北京人”的分配比例达到30%……近日,北京市公布《北京市共有产权住房规划设计宜居建设导则(试行)》,实行政府与购房人按份共有产权的政策性商品住房。共有产权住房的购房人在房屋质量、贷款支持、抵押等方面将与商品房购房人同质同权,但同时对购房人使用和处分共有产权住房的权利有所限定。

共有产权住房的推出,是具有许多潜在制度红利的一次创新。建立楼市调控的长效机制,是住房制度改革的重要目标。在这个目标中,不仅包括防止“炒房”对实体经济形成挤占效应,防止房屋过多的金融属性冲击金融风控,还包括满足住有所居的正常刚需。如果说商品房市场调控的“紧”,重在防风险的话,那么共有产权住房的“松”,就是为特定的住房困难家庭、为“新北京人”提供住房权利保障。张弛有度,防风险与重民生两端并重,地方楼市调控才有可能从追求单一目标和短期政策效应的惯性中跳出来,为建立长效调控机制夯实基础、搭好台子。

共有产权住房对现行保障房制度也是一种有益补充。毋庸讳言,一些地方在施行保障房制度过程中存在弊端。有的拿经适房、限价商品住房寻租;有的保障房建设只重建设数量,忽视了配套措施建设,导致“空城”“睡城”出现,加大了城市交通压力;有的政策性保障房封闭式运转,缺少合理的供需管理。共有产权住房对自住房和保障性住房统一管理,在持有、使用、退出、转让等各环节都作了较为细致的专门性规定,有利于从制度层面革除保障性住房存在的痼疾,优化城市区域布局,为共有产权住房的实施创建公平环境。

共有产权住房的要义,还是要实现“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”的目标。实际上,共有产权住房实施的到位,就会具有很大的政策效益延展性。一方面,随着“同质”水平的共有产权住房批量上市,有可能对周边商品房价格产生平抑作用,带动住房市场价格回归理性周期中,逐渐让刚需者看得到也够得着;另一方面,共有产权住房能够把土地、住房和金融资源用到该用的地方。共有产权住房购房人在未来获得不动产权证后,也可以按规定回购政府所持产权份额。这些设计,既考虑到了共有产权住房购房人与商品房购房人的权利平等性,也考虑到了共有产权住房购房人家庭财富的动态变化,既顺应了市场规律,也满足了民生需求。

也要看到,一项政策要释放出潜在红利,还应该防止执行过程中被扭曲。作为住房制度改革的新一步,共有产权住房要让潜在红利发挥出来,让人民群众有真切的获得感,必须把公平和民生放在首位。共有产权用地和相关政策制定需政府牵头,土地供应是关键问题,不能出现将土地挪作他用的情况;购买共有产权住房需要资质审核,公开透明的办事程序不能少,切勿把一项民生工程、改革工程异化;对共有产权住房的处分需要共有产权人一起决定,这就需要克服官僚主义等弊病,不能让办事者跑断腿而办不成事。在执行中防止出现这些问题,确保政策落到实处,共有产权住房才能赢得信任凝聚民心,成为强化民生保障、推动住房制度改革的“鲶鱼”,为逐步建立房地产市场长效调控机制奠定基础。

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