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日本内阁大改组 “安倍独大”体制现松动

2017-08-07 11:34:26   国际在线

从此次内阁改组来看,“安倍独大”体制已开始松动,安倍此前无视民意和党内不同声音的做法已无法持续。在内阁改造后举行的记者会上,安倍首先向国民表示反省并道歉,在整个记者会上“国民”一词使用了18次之多,极力展现其重视国民的姿态。

而在自民党内部,一方面,细田派已无法完全主导人事任命。在内阁和党内人事安排上,细田派“表现克制”,其他派系的发言权有所提升。岸田派此次在内阁中获得防卫相、法务相、文部科学相和一亿总活跃相等四个席位,声势大增。与安倍保持距离的野田圣子也被委以重任,以营造不任人唯亲,“举党一致”的形象。

另一方面,安倍能否顺利连任总裁也是未知数。日本总务大臣野田圣子已经明确表示将参加下届总裁选举,而后安倍时代的有利候选者岸田文雄、石破茂等人也展开了部署。岸田本人由外相转任自民党政调会长以积累党务经验,为接班安倍做准备。石破茂作为党内“非主流派”,在“安倍经济学”等问题上与安倍意见相左,并质疑日本政府在加计学园等问题上的应对,明确与安倍保持距离。可以说,安倍要想连任总裁,继续长期执政面临着一定的压力。

  经济和外交或成为安倍的优先选项

尽管陷入执政危机,但安倍毫无辞职之意。其中一个重要原因便是安倍希望在任内完成“修宪”,以实现自己的“政治理想”。对于安倍而言,长期执政是任内“修宪”的必要条件,而此次内阁改组仅仅是向实现长期执政迈出了“维稳”的第一步。短期内,内阁改组所带来的焕然一新之感或许可拉高安倍政权的支持率,或者起到最低程度的“止跌”作用。然而,仅仅通过替换几个人选,恐怕难以达成长期稳定执政之目的。因此,安倍必须在“止跌”的基础上在其他方面发力,以实际成果巩固新内阁的执政基础。目前来看,经济和外交或成为安倍的优先选项。

在经济领域,安倍执政后,虽然提出“安倍经济学”,但并没有把主要精力放在经济上,国民已对其经济政策逐渐失望。在内阁改组后的记者会上,安倍表示,将以经济再生为最优先的课题。此次安倍任命茂木敏充为经济再生大臣,有意利用其担任金融担当大臣、经济产业大臣的经验推动经济改革,以实实在在的经济利益获取民意支持。

在外交领域,对俄、对华外交或成为安倍的外交着力点。安倍上台后,一直致力于发展日俄关系,在解决领土问题上,提出了不拘泥过去思维的“新思路”,提出对俄8项经济合作。此次,世耕弘成留任经济产业担当大臣和对俄经济合作担当大臣,凸显出安倍希望其继续推动日俄经济合作,并以此推动领土问题的解决。在对华外交方面,知华派自民党干事长二阶俊博获得留任,“知华派”前政要河野洋平之子河野太郎获任外相。二阶俊博致力于中日友好交流,而河野太郎则反对参拜靖国神社,重视包括中国在内的亚洲邻国关系。在中日建交45周年以及中日和平友好条约缔结30周年之际,他们或将协助安倍在对华外交方面作出一些调整。然而,在中日陷入结构性矛盾的背景下,这些调整很大程度上是策略性的,结构性矛盾不会因内阁的改组或者政权的更迭而消失。

值得注意的是,安倍改组内阁也不会改变自民党政权的本色。贪腐,家族政治、政治现金丑闻一直与自民党如影相随,安倍不是第一个卷入丑闻的首相,也不会是最后一个。自民党此前拒绝稻田朋美出席国会闭会审查,更突显出其背后的政治内幕和交易。在“修宪”问题上,“修宪”是安倍的政治追求,更是执政党自民党的保守主义立党理念。内阁改组也许会使“修宪”的步伐放慢,但不会停止。自民党的执政理念也不会因安倍的下台而改变,因此,从这个意义上来说,安倍内阁改组只是“新瓶装旧酒,换汤不换药”。(作者:张方慧 中国人民大学国际关系学院博士研究生;潘万历 中国社会科学院研究生院博士研究生)

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