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日本内阁大改组 “安倍独大”体制现松动

2017-08-07 11:34:26   国际在线

安倍新内阁(资料图)

8月3日,日本首相安倍晋三正式改组内阁。此次内阁改组是2014年第三次安倍内阁成立以来的第三次,距离上次改组刚好过去一年时间。不过,一年前 “踌躇满志”的安倍晋三在众多丑闻的困扰下早已风光不再,只能靠刷新人事勉强维持安倍政权。然而,改组内阁对支持率的提升作用有限,安倍想要长期稳定执政可谓困难重重,“安倍独大”体制已开始松动。

组建“实干”内阁,“止损”意味明显

在多种丑闻持续发酵的影响下,改组前的安倍内阁支持率已跌破30%,进入“危险水域”。因此,安倍此次改组内阁的首要目标便是“止损”。上次内阁成员中,包括首相安倍在内仅有6人留任,更换14人。文部科学大臣、法务大臣,加上此前辞职的防卫大臣稻田朋美,涉及丑闻或引起争议的阁员已经全部被替换。而作为“总负责人”的安倍在内阁改造后的记者会上,对因加计学园、自卫队日报问题引起的国民不信任表示反省并道歉,称 “必须返回原点以取得国民信任”。此外,此次改组首次入阁仅有6人,其余阁员多具有丰富的从政经验。例如,从政经验相对丰富的河野太郎获任外务大臣,小野寺五典为防卫大臣。如此大幅度的人事调整表明,安倍试图利用全新的“实干内阁”阵容,防止支持率继续下跌,力求 “人心一新”,“止损”意味明显。

 寻求党内支持,平衡各派利益

在此次内阁改组中,自民党内各派系争先推举本派系议员入阁。在20个内阁成员中,除国土交通大臣石井启一为公明党议员外,其余成员均来自自民党内主要派系。其中,党内最大派系细田派占据4席、岸田派4席、麻生派3席、额贺派2席、无党派4席,石破派和二阶派各1席。与此同时,在自民党高层调整中,副总裁、干事长、总务会长、政调会长等关键职位也相应由主要派系掌控。可以说,在本次人事调整中,各派系的利益诉求基本得到满足,在继续支持安倍执政方面已达成某种妥协,派系平衡色彩浓厚。

“安倍独大”体制开始松动

2012年底,安倍再次执政后,率领自民党先后赢得多次重要选举,形成“自民党独大”格局。而在自民党内部又逐渐形成了一种“安倍独大”的局面。一方面,安倍强化首相官邸决策和执行机制,主导人事任免,在选用内阁成员时任人唯亲,极力袒护丑闻缠身的阁员。另一方面,安倍通过修改自民党党章将总裁任期由2届6年延长至3届9年,谋求长期独霸政权。在“安倍独大”局面下,安倍逐渐产生“傲慢”心理,无视民意和在野党,强行通过各种争议法案。然而,进入2017年,围绕安倍的各种丑闻相互交织且持续发酵,安倍内阁支持率不断下滑。以自民党在东京都议会选举中的惨败为开端,各方对安倍的不满集中爆发,陷入执政危机的安倍不得不尝下自己酿下的“苦酒”,只好以内阁改组挽救政权。

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