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天下至诚 其孰能当

2017-08-07 09:02:32   中国青年网

范仲淹撰 黄庭坚书《狄梁公碑》

树碑立传。古来之碑不可胜数,存留至今而流传至广者百不得一。《唐狄梁公碑》集狄仁杰不朽之事功、范仲淹回荡之雄文、黄庭坚传世之法书,堪称三绝,尤值一读。

碑是生命的总结和历史的见证。史籍记载,唐代为狄仁杰立的碑,有李邕撰、张庭珪的八分体《唐魏州刺史狄仁杰生祠碑》;冯宿撰、胡证正书并篆额的《唐狄梁公祠堂碑》;元通礼撰、党复书《唐豫州刺史狄梁公碑》等。李邕、胡证等人,不仅当时,即便如今,在文学、书法上也是声名显赫。

范仲淹更加不同凡响。《唐狄梁公碑》一文打破碑文起笔上溯碑主祖宗功绩和德行的固定格式,开宗明义:“天地闭,孰将辟焉?日月蚀,孰将廓焉?大厦扑,孰将起焉?神器坠,孰将举焉?岩岩乎克当其任者,唯梁公之伟欤!”用天地、日月、大厦、神器之危难作譬喻,用四个设问一下子把狄公之丰功伟绩展现在读者面前。

“首句标其目”之后,范仲淹却荡开一笔,转写他看到白云孤飞联想到“吾亲居云下”而“瞻怅久之”,看到同事因孝亲不能出使绝域而毅然请缨。家国自古一体,忠孝实为一脉,孝友之人常有忠烈之行,这些闲笔既是对上文的深层阐释,也是下文的厚实铺垫。

狄公功德之广,难以尽述。范仲淹选取了十余个事例,一气不歇,层层前推。他27岁经明经科考及第,初任汴州(今河南开封)判佐,一年后,经当时河南道黜陟史、大画家阎立本推荐,擢并州(今山西太原)都督府法曹;46岁,入京转大理寺丞,当年决断滞狱1.7万余人,无一人鸣冤。在此位置上,他公正审判误伐昭陵柏的将军,得到高宗赏识;50岁升任侍御史,公然弹劾炙手可热的宠臣;51岁任户部支度郎中时,他劝停朝廷滥耗数万人之力别开御道;54岁为宁州(今甘肃宁县、正宁一带)刺史,安抚戎夏让百姓安居乐业;59岁,任江南巡检使,奏毁淫祠千七百所,当年转任豫州(今河南汝南)刺史,刀口救下错判死罪的叛卒5000人;62岁,担任地官侍郎同凤阁鸾台平章事(相当于宰相),不料第二年,被臭名昭著的来俊臣诬陷下狱,他以死相拼不诬他人,并以超常智慧,走出原本被视为无法生还的“丽景门”,救下了同案的重臣6人;64岁,他幸免于死,被贬为彭泽县令后,依然初心不改;67岁到魏州(今河北大名)整顿军务,阻止契丹入侵;68岁任河北安抚使,安抚饱受战争摧残之百姓,并再次拜相,担任鸾台侍郎、同平章事;69岁拜行军大元帅,出兵抗击突厥……

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