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共建浙江“大花园”

2017-08-07 06:33:02   中国青年网

三是简易传统处理模式。主要是指通过对可堆肥的垃圾还山还田和不可堆肥垃圾(不包括有毒垃圾)清洁焚烧的模式。该模式投入和运行成本相对较低,简易方便,但处理能力有限,且对不可堆肥垃圾开展清洁焚烧处理容易产生二次污染。适合人口密度低、人口居住分散、垃圾总量少的偏远山区使用。

四是焚烧发电模式。对农村生活垃圾统一运转到专业化的焚烧发电厂进行焚烧发电。该模式投入和运行成本高,建设周期长,早期的焚烧发电工艺,存在积灰二次污染严重的问题。但处理能力强,处理效果好。适用于经济水平发达、人口密集、垃圾总量大的地区。

五是环保酵素处理模式。环保酵素,也叫垃圾酵素,环保酵素的生成原理是利用果蔬表面的微生物在厌氧的环境下将糖进行发酵,生成乳酸、酒精等物质。适合厨余和新鲜垃圾制作环保清洁剂,节省家庭开销。

六是厌氧发酵模式。厌氧发酵是在一定的条件下,利用厌氧微生物的转化作用,将垃圾中大部分可生物降解的有机物质进行分解,转化为沼气的处理方式。它是一种成熟的垃圾能源化技术,将垃圾转化成沼气后,便于输送和储存,热值高,燃烧污染小,用途广泛。

七是卫生填埋模式。填埋是我省农村目前普遍垃圾处理方式。填埋使垃圾与空气隔绝,垃圾中自身含有的微生物如果将有机物进行降解,本质上就属于厌氧发酵。如果采取相应措施,将填埋场产生的渗滤液加以处理的话,那就是属于卫生填埋。

八是黑水虻高效生物转化处理模式。黑水虻高效生物转化处理项目(昆虫农场),在配套光-温-湿-风等调控设施的大棚内,将餐厨垃圾作为昆虫黑水虻的饲料,经过15~20天养殖处理,快速高效地转化为虫体蛋白和生物有机肥,可实现垃圾减量80%。

九是生物制气模式。三门县引进垃圾发电技术。垃圾发电是利用工业、农业或城乡生活中的大量有机废弃物(例如酒糟液、禽畜粪、垃圾和污水等),经厌氧发酵处理产生的沼气,驱动沼气发电机组发电,并可充分将发电机组的余热用于沼气生产。沼气发电技术本身提供的是清洁能源,不仅解决了沼气工程中的环境问题、消耗了大量废弃物、保护了环境、减少了温室气体的排放,而且变废为宝,产生了大量的热能和电能,符合能源再循环利用的环保理念,同时也带来经济效益。

运行管理模式

一是市场化服务外包运管模式。以乡镇及以上单位为主体,将辖域内垃圾分类指导、垃圾运输,终端运行、管护均统一打包,外包给专业公司运行管理。例如临安市锦北街道以306万元的价格购买服务完成“锦北街道农村环境综合保洁项目”招标工作。除由临安市城管局管辖的城区范围外,该街道的11个建制村河道保洁、道路及可视范围保洁、垃圾清运、垃圾分类及两个建制村的垃圾分类上门收集、指导和考核等工作交由专业公司负责。该模式中,形成了街道对建制村、建制村对保洁公司、街道对保洁公司、保洁公司对保洁员、保洁员对农户的“五方”考核机制,分工明确,责任清晰,能在短时间内推动农村生活垃圾分类减量资源化工作上升一个台阶。

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