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共建浙江“大花园”

2017-08-07 06:33:02   中国青年网

共建浙江“大花园”

——扎实推进我省农村垃圾治理和分类处理工作

邵晨曲 孔朝阳

2003年,浙江启动“千村示范、万村整治”工程,启动农村垃圾整治。2014年,省委、省政府积极推进“五水共治、治污先行”的决策部署,我省率先围绕“最大限度地减少垃圾处置量,实现垃圾循环资源化利用”的总体目标,改革农村垃圾集中收集处理的传统方式,探索农村垃圾减量化、资源化处理的“分类收集、定点投放、分拣清运、回收利用、生物堆肥”等各个环节的科学规范,全力推进全省农村垃圾减量化、资源化处理。

浙江省从源头实施“减量化、资源化、无害化”垃圾分类处置。按照“可烂的”厨余垃圾和“不可烂的”其他垃圾这种村民通俗易懂的分类方法在浙江农村迅速推开生活垃圾分类处理。

浙江农村生活垃圾减量化、资源化处理由点到线、由线到面、由浅到深分层逐次推开农村生活垃圾治理工作,重点开展了全省700多个乡镇推进农村垃圾整乡整镇处理工作。同时,因地制宜、形式多样,按照村庄所处地形地貌不同和经济条件差异,差异化配备垃圾处理设施和选择垃圾处理技术模式。

分类处理模式

一是机器快速成肥模式。该模式是全省范围内采取得最常用的处理模式,具体方式就是通过机械化设备和菌种,经过破碎、发酵,实现处置堆肥。从实际使用情况分析,目前首批快速成肥机器已正常运行(包括维修后使用)3年。据了解,快速成肥机器设计使用年限约为10年,每年维护费用需约5000元/台。主要的支出可以分为建设成本、运维费用。其中建设成本包括快速成肥机器购买、处理厂房建设。运行费用包括机器运行电费、操作工人工资和日常保养。根据调查,一台日处理量为3吨/天的快速成肥机器,招投标采购价约为35万~50万元。按200~400平方米面积计算,厂房建设约为30万~40万元。以8小时/天/台的机器使用强度所产生的电费,加上1人/台的人工费用,运维费用参考投入为10万~12万元/年。机器快速成肥模式相比较太阳能沤肥模式,优点在于成肥速度快,可有效缓解垃圾堆积难题。相比较焚烧发电模式,建设投资少,建设周期短。可以根据村情村况,因村制宜选择联村共建或一村一建模式,适用于人口密度高,有机肥需求量较大的农村地区。

二是太阳能沤肥模式。是指充分利用太阳能与垃圾渗滤液回喷技术创建堆肥加快反应。该模式的投入主要来自于太阳能沤肥房建设。经过测算,一个200~400平方米的太阳能沤肥房建设成本约20万~40万元,维护成本则相对较低。该模式简单有效,投资成本低,运维成本也低。但不足之处在于处理时间较长,处理周期一般1~2个月。可以采取联村共建或一村一建模式,适用于人口密度不高且相对稳定,日人均垃圾量也相对平稳的农村地区。

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