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从“山西黑猪”到“晋汾白猪”
2017-08-07 06:33:02 中国青年网
“猪肉没有了肉味”,而“一家吃肉满街飘香”的记忆,也早已远去。不过,随着地方猪种的培育和推广,有着地方特色的优质风味猪肉越来越受到消费者青睐,如土猪一号等。今年6月在晋城高平投产的40万头生猪基地,就是奔着“肉质好”的“晋汾白猪”来的。
我省培育地方猪种的历史还要追溯到上世纪50年代。山西农业大学教授,也是我国养猪科学主要奠基人之一的张龙志1957年第一次把南方地方猪种内江猪引到山西,经过多年的杂交试验,筛选出了“内本”和“内巴本”的优良杂交组合,打破了只能引进西方国家优良种猪进行饲养繁殖的神话。
1971年起,张龙志又和他的助手们在大同猪场等地,将“内巴本”经过横交和多代选育,历经十余年培育成功了耐粗饲、生长快、抗逆性强的山西黑猪新品种。它以地方良种马身猪为母本,以巴克夏猪、内江猪为父本,是山西第一个培育品种。
从上世纪80年代开始,周忠孝、郭传甲等专家带领团队先后主持培育了SD-Ⅰ系,俗称新太原花猪;SD-Ⅱ系,俗称新山西黑猪;高产仔母系,俗称山西白猪等,并利用瘦肉猪母本品系,合成了“长大杜花”“大长黑”“长大黑”“大山”“杜大山”等。
2006年,李步高和他的团队以马身猪、二花脸猪和长白猪为亲本,经6个世代的连续选育,培育出山西白猪高产仔母系(Ⅰ系)。之后,以山西白猪高产仔母系为母本、大白猪为父本,通过横交固定和组建基础群,采用群体继代选育法,经7年6个世代的选育,最终于2012年成功培育出“晋汾白猪”,它产仔多、生长快、肉质好、抗病力强、杂交优势明显,尤其是育成率高达97.08%。
消费者对猪肉品质的追求经历了从脂肪型,肉质兼用型,到瘦肉型,再到风味型的转变,我省也培育出了9个地方猪种,晋汾白猪成为国家级品种,在促进养猪业发展上成为新的增长方式。
刘旭斌
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