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大运河是富含北京历史文化的大课堂

2017-08-07 03:32:06   中国青年网

京杭大运河是中国乃至世界历史上最伟大的水利运输工程,上下两千年、纵横三千里,是连接沟通中国南北的重要经济走廊,对于维系国家统一,促进中华民族的形成发展发挥了重大作用。于今保护和开发大运河对于首都北京经济社会文化发展、提升首都居民的生活品质,具有全方位意义。

保护和开发北京运河文化带具有重大社会价值

北京地区运河系统开凿可追溯到秦朝,辽金时期得到进一步发展,元明清时期成为京杭大运河的北方终点。历史上大运河繁华千年,留下了不可胜数的名胜与传奇。辽代开凿了多达九条的“萧太后运粮河”,推动了幽燕地方的经济社会发展。元代郭守敬从北京北部山前富水带向西迂回引水到元大都中心,再开凿通惠河引运河漕船直抵城下,创造了古代水利工程的传奇。近代以来,大运河又和风云激荡的百年中国史紧密相连。1860年英法联军、1900年八国联军两次入侵北京,都是沿大运河进逼北京的。中国军人在通州张家湾、八里桥一带英勇抗敌,谱写了中国人民反抗侵略的悲壮篇章。今年初,我本人有幸参加了沿京杭大运河全线的徒步考察调研活动,多年来我也曾多次徒步行走大运河的北京上游河段,深切感受到大运河是中华民族的历史之河、文化之河。我们完全应该也可以把大运河北京段及上游河段开辟为北京历史文化的大课堂,开辟为百里爱国主义教育走廊。

当前我国正处于全面建成小康社会、实现民族复兴的关键时期,也是我国社会矛盾冲突易发多发时期。在这个时期,根据我们自己的和国外的经验,进行社会心理疏导和公众社会行为引导十分重要。开发大运河文化,弘扬优秀传统文化、提倡健康生活方式,有助于树立积极向上的社会风尚,凝聚社会正能量,进而间接起到维护和促进社会和谐稳定的作用。

保护和开发北京运河文化带的条件与问题

京杭大运河北京段及上游河段有诸多风景名胜,穿越北京城的什刹海、北海等更是闻名遐迩的文化景观。北京河道沿线无论城乡都已具备了比较便利的交通等基础设施,城内及部分郊区河段已经建成了沿河步道及风光带,北京河道沿线名胜古迹也大多得到了较好的保护和开发,这些都为全线全域开发与保护打下了良好基础。

目前,保护和开发北京运河文化带还存在一些需要解决的问题。第一,大运河上游河段沿河道路体系尚不健全,尤其缺乏慢行道路系统。白浮泉经阳坊到颐和园一线基本无慢行道路,无法走通。通惠河两岸沿线步行通道并不顺畅,有不少堵点和路卡只能绕行。第二,运河文化带古迹遗址的保护与开发需要持续关注,不断加强。随着城乡建设的发展,运河沿线及上游河段还不断有与历史上运河漕运相关的遗址遗迹被发现,如近年发现的海淀肖家河附近的古河道和桥梁遗迹,很有可能与辽代漕运有关。古都北京这些遗迹遗址众多,应得到进一步的保护和开发。第三,运河及漕运和北京城市发展关系十分密切,但北京关于运河及漕运历史与文化的介绍不多,普通北京市民及青年一代对北京城市水系及运河文化相当陌生,大多数北京市民并不明白为什么什刹海、北海、中南海会从四四方方的北京城斜穿而过,而不了解北京的城市水系和运河漕运就不能全面了解北京的历史。

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