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招生难升学难就业难 戏曲教育如何破“难”前行

2017-08-06 14:02:14   央广网

“我们这里一般中专二年级的学生就有机会登上专业剧场的舞台,扮上戏装,由专业乐队伴奏和专业老师点评,演学结合、以演促学。”北京戏曲艺术职业学院演艺中心业务部主任廖维说,然而,目前戏曲中专生免学费,国家给我们学生每人每年补贴6000元,这笔钱远远不够进行舞台艺术培养。“学生在专业剧场排演一场戏,不仅要置办服装、行头,还需要乐队、灯光、舞美等30多位老师参与……投入很大。由于经费紧张,老师基本都是志愿服务……”廖维谈道,如果要培养更多人才,就需要更多舞台实践,这单靠老师的“志愿服务”肯定是有局限的,“必须加大投入”。

对此,谢玉辉也说,“在我们学校,国家每人每年补贴4000元,这个费用对于美术和舞蹈等大课堂教学的专业应该是可以的,但对于戏曲专业则很不够。戏曲专业要根据实际做专项提高,不能搞一刀切”。谢玉辉谈道,“现如今,戏曲表演专业学生生均成本偏低,已影响到我们戏曲教育工作的进一步开展。为提高教学质量,学校将积极争取经费,优先照顾戏曲专业办学经费,尽最大努力提高投入。”

升学难、就业难,院团需求与院校培养如何畅通

“中国戏曲学院等学校今年没有招收女老生的计划,所以我将继续在北京戏曲艺术职业学院念大专。大专后找机会升本,再找工作。”女老生、北京戏曲艺术职业学院京剧表演2011级中专生罗兰,家族中九代梨园,她也是老师眼中“不可多得的优秀女老生”,她略有遗憾地说,“实际情况是,像我这样的女老生,以及男旦、女花脸,现在都存在非常难升学和就业的问题,院团似乎总觉得我们有‘局限’。”

当然,罗兰表示,这种情况不能代表所有行当学生的情况,但“现在是女老生、女花脸和男旦受到了‘偏见’,以后也保不齐会涉及哪些别的行当。不管女旦还是男旦,不管男老生还是女老生,升学和就业为何不能以水平和能力论呢?而且历史上,四大名旦、四小名旦不都是男旦吗?孟小冬不是女老生吗?”

“现在,我不升本的话,如果继续想当演员,就只能去外地剧团。”罗兰表示。廖维说,高职毕业生因为学历低,在北京很难进入体制内单位,不少学生为了追求本科毕业证书而不得不升学。

谢玉辉说,就业难主要“难”在难以找到与期望相匹配的工作,“以前学生毕业进入院团后各方面待遇都相对不错。现在要么是国营院团编制有限且待遇一般,要么是民营院团没有稳定的保障,整体就业环境的不理想影响了毕业生的就业热情。”谢玉辉说,戏曲工作者承担着传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的使命,政府应该多给予其生活关心和经济保障,“国家就戏曲发了很多文件,我们希望能够强有力地予以督导和落实,给基层戏曲工作者带来实实在在的获得感。”

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