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国产载人潜水器或明年投入使用 我国深海探测迎来“双子星”

2017-08-06 10:32:13   央广网

央广网广州8月6日消息(记者郭淼 刘会民)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,“蛟龙号”这个名字相信很多人已经非常熟悉。作为我国第一个自主设计、自主集成研制的作业型深海载人潜水器,“蛟龙号”最大下潜深度达到7000米,是目前世界上下潜能力最深的作业型载人潜水器,成为国人的骄傲。但很多人可能并不知道,“蛟龙号”还有一位“兄弟”就是一个4500米的载人潜水器。

国产4500米载人潜水器是国家重点研发计划“深海关键技术与装备”重点专项。目前,该潜水器已经在广东文冲船坞码头与“探索一号”作业母船会合,待安装调试和检查合格后,计划在8月中旬开始进行海上试验。在不久的将来,我国深海探测将迎来“双子星”。那么,这台潜水器有哪些与众不同的地方?

8月3日,在经过了三天的长途“跋涉”后,4500米载人潜水器从无锡到达广州,与作业母船“探索一号”会合。4500米载人潜水器副总设计师叶聪介绍,目前潜水器已经顺利在“探索一号”上“安家”,正在做海上试验前的最后准备。现在要把灯光、摄像机,还有传感器和电池安装到位,然后在甲板上对潜水器进行通电、测试,让它的性能和出研究所时完全一致。再跟船上的网络、通讯,跟船上的装备进行联合测试。相信会很快就会完成相关的测试,符合出航的条件。

4500米载人潜水器总设计师胡震介绍,在各项验收合格之后,预计8月中旬潜水器将进行海上试验,并在明年正式入海,投入使用。它在不同深度要测不同的功能、性能,一路向下。可能一个目标是在300米测一次,然后到1000米、3000米、4500米,分几个阶段,一直到4500米深度,估计用三个月左右。明年3、4月份就要应用。

胡震表示,作为“蛟龙号”同谱系的“兄弟”,4500米载人潜水器虽然下潜深度不如前者,但却担负着重要的使命。因为4500米的深度基本上可以覆盖我国主要海域和国际海域中资源可开发的范围。当时论证、立项的时候,主要瞄准的还是科学考察。“蛟龙号”已经可以覆盖很多大深度的地方,但是浅深度的需求更多、更明确。“蛟龙号”当时瞄准的主要是国际海域,4500米潜水器瞄准的是我国南海和一些国际热点领域,比如像海底热液硫化物的科学考察等。两者的目标不一样。

除了在深海科考方面能够与“蛟龙”号很好地互补和合作之外,4500米载人潜水器的研制也有培养深海装备研发人才方面的考虑。胡震表示,“4500米载人潜水器开始研制时,正是‘蛟龙号’开展海试要进入尾声的阶段,也是为了延续团队继续往前走,把整个人才队伍、技术等进行体系化的建设。这方面也是有比较好的考量。”

尽管在外型上,4500米载人潜水器和“蛟龙号”并没有太大的区别,但在性能方面有所提升。比如,4500米载人潜水器拥有5个观察窗,比“蛟龙号”多了2个,可以满足更多视角的科学观察;虽然载人舱同为3座,但有楼梯方便出入舱,并且舱内操控界面也更加舒适;潜水器电池的可用次数也从原来的50次增加到了500次。因此,它拥有更好的作业能力。

叶聪此前曾介绍,4500米载人潜水器在潜水器的维护性能方面,比如平均的无故障时间和便于维修保养,把每次单次下潜投入的经济成本降下来。这些都是在“蛟龙号”的基础上有很大的改进和提高。

更为关键的是,4500米级载人潜水器在国产化方面取得了突破,高压钛合金载人舱和机械手等核心部件都实现了自主研制,整体国产化率超过90%。胡震介绍,基本功能和“蛟龙号”类似,只不过用了很多国内自己的技术来集成。

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