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牛专家齐聚世界牦牛之都共议振兴牦牛金点子

2017-08-05 14:31:58   央广网

央广网北京8月5日消息(记者凌晨 实习记者仁青卓玛)各行各业设定的新目标都在不断递进,国内致力于研究牛业和市场并为此默默奉献的162位专家学者,于此间齐聚位于青藏高原东部的海东市,琢磨如何让“牦牛产业”能够真正“牛”起来的奇思妙想,以求获得“金点子”。

据资料显示,全世界牦牛的数量至少在1500万头,其中1400万头在中国,(青海488万头,西藏390万头,四川310万头,甘肃88万头,新疆17万头、云南5万头,青海省的牦牛又以玉树为多,占存栏的38.64%)。全国人大代表、曾任玉树藏族自治州人民政府州长,现任青海省农牧厅厅长王玉虎,诚请与会专家学者“为做大、做强、做精青海牦牛产业提出宝贵的意见、建议,为促进全国肉牛牦牛产业发展做出更大的贡献。”王玉虎坚信:“立足青海独特的资源禀赋和良好的生态环境,有国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系的帮助支持,牦牛产业一定会做大做强、一定会’牛’起来。”

牦牛,藏语叫雅客,世界通称“yak”,是除了人类外,生活在海拔最高处的哺乳动物,也是分布于中国青藏高原海拔3000米以上地区的特有珍稀牛种之一。专家考证,原始牦牛在距今三百多万年前的更新世生存,广布于欧亚大陆东北部。后来,由于地壳运动、气候变迁而南移至中国青藏高原地区,并适应高寒气候而延续下来,演化为现代牦牛。

据介绍,我国于2009年启动了“肉牛产业技术体系”,两年之后,增加了牦牛项,将其调整为“肉牛牦牛产业技术体系”。4日在青海省海东市举行的肉牛牦牛产业技术体系第七届技术交流会暨牦牛产业高峰论坛上,首席科学家曹兵海说:“肉牛牦牛产业体系之所以得到国家的认可和高度重视,跟生猪并列第一体系,是实力和需求决定的,全国现在建有29个试验站。在体系建设方面,国家农业部将向专家和站长颁发盖有中华人民共和国国徽章的证书。”

专家马清德通过PPT向与会者展示了牦牛在全球、中国各地的分布情况及现状,及目前各地政府投资针对养牛业研究和尝试解决的主要问题,即,通过设施暖棚圈养,解决“温”的问题。推广高效养殖技术,解决母牛冬春“吃不饱”的问题,实现“一年一胎”。通过犊牛全哺乳技术,解决“人犊争奶”的问题。通过舍饲育肥,解决“出栏慢”的问题。

近几年,围绕着牦牛构建的肉品、牦牛绒、牦牛骨、牦牛奶、生物制品、旅游纪念品产业体系已见雏形。例如,青海省现有140多个牦牛肉品牌和20多个龙头加工企业,该省从1995年开发出第一件牛绒衫,使得牛绒衫热迅速在全国蔓延,形成了牦牛绒产业。但是,如何做大做强始终困扰着各地的实体企业和各级政府。例如,青海省已有10余家企业聚集生物产业园区,从事牦牛生物产业,提取生物制药原料。例如,以曲麻莱牦牛为基础野血牦牛种牛、冻精等已销往省内外。但是,目前存在的普遍问题是,“营养链”脆弱“温饱”未解决。“技术链”薄弱,先进技术难推广。“市场链”未成形,难显优质优价。“产业链”不全,产品附加值低“营养链”脆弱,“温饱”未解决。

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