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警惕“癌中之王”黑色素瘤(医说新语)

2017-08-05 04:31:47   中国青年网

黑色素瘤是一种来源于黑色素细胞的恶性肿瘤,是皮肤癌中恶性程度最高的瘤种。随着黑色素瘤生长,癌细胞会渗透到皮肤和粘膜中,最终到达血管或淋巴通道,并迅速传播到整个身体和主要器官。在近日举行的癌王——黑色素瘤靶向新药佐博伏??在中国上市会上,北京大学肿瘤医院副院长、中国抗癌协会临床肿瘤学协作专业委员会黑色素瘤专家委员会主任委员郭军教授表示,黑色素瘤一旦发生转移,患者的5年生存率仅为4.6%,其死亡率高、转移率高、治疗难度大。与西方不同的是,我国多发黑色素瘤特殊类型恶性程度更高。

郭军说,黑色素瘤被称为“癌中之王”,中国黑色素瘤发病率为10万分之0.6,属于罕见病,但近年呈上升趋势。西方人黑色素瘤多分布在皮肤浅表(称为皮肤型),而我国约50%的黑色素瘤分布于四肢末端皮肤,如手足和甲下等位置(称为肢端型),更容易发生转移;另外还有20%为粘膜型(白种人这种类型不到1%),主要发生在消化道、鼻腔、鼻旁窦、泌尿系统粘膜,恶性程度较皮肤型黑色素瘤更高,预后较差。

郭军表示,黑色素瘤发生转移后,基本无有效治疗药物,化疗对部分患者有效率不足7%,无进展生存只有一个半月左右。佐博伏??进入中国,将使中国晚期黑色素瘤患者生存获益得到显著提高。

中华医学会肿瘤分会副主任委员林桐榆教授表示,由于知晓率低和技术手段落后,中国大部分患者发现黑色素瘤时已是中晚期,错过了最佳治疗时机。合理应用靶向治疗药物,能够明显提高恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。

林桐榆同时提醒说,当发现色素痣不对称、颜色变化、边缘不整齐、逐渐变大或感觉异常时,应及时就医,千万不能自行处理。一经诊断为黑色素瘤,应及早进行基因检测,采取规范的治疗措施。

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