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地域国学的新开拓

2017-08-05 03:31:46   中国青年网

纵览当代学界的湘学研究成果,大多是湘学文献的整理、湘学的历史描述、湘学人物的挖掘等等。这些研究当然非常重要,但是,要深入研究湘学,特别是作为中国学术史分支学科的湘学要能够建构起来,还需要解决湘学研究的一些基本理论问题,要能够从宏观视野、地域比较、微观分析的不同方面研究湘学,并且真正建立湘学研究的学术范式、学理构架。这样,我们才能够讲清楚,作为中国学术史分支学科的湘学,其学术思想的共性是什么,作为地域学术的个性又是什么。

朱汉民教授的《湘学通论》(高等教育出版社2016年版),就是一部在通论湘学的过程中,试图探讨、解决湘学的一些基本理论问题的著作。《湘学通论》的任务是对湘学做一贯通全局的概述,展开对湘学的综合性研究,对湘学与中国传统学术关系作总体把握。作者对湘学展开研究,既有宏观视野、地域比较,又有历史源流、微观分析。作者通过对湘学学统、学术旨趣一系列关键问题展开研究,在湘学研究的学术范式、学理构架方面有重要的开拓,对湘学的中国传统学术的共性与个性做了深入而有创新的研究。

《湘学通论》希望对湘学做一贯通全局的概述与综合性的研究,故而特别强调要将湘学放在中国传统学术的大背景下作总体思考。作者重点关注湘学研究中的两个重要问题,并且通过对这两个问题的探讨,对一千多年的湘学历史和学术形态作了整体的思考与全面的梳理。

其一,《湘学通论》重点研究了湘学学统问题。 中国学术史上所说的“学统”概念,形成并兴盛于宋代。作者认为,“统”有两种含义:其一,指学术的正统;其二,指学脉的授受传承。宋代以来,学术正统与学脉源流的观念已结合起来,这就是所谓的“道统”。宋代以来,中国学术史盛行“学统”与“道统”的观念。湘学是否存在着一脉相承的学统?湘学经历了一千多年的漫长历史过程,湘学学者先后存在着明显的学术继承、发展关系,湘学在历史过程中的继承关系就是作者认为的湘学学统。实际上,湘学就是这一学术传统相继的不同学者及其学说。《湘学通论》十分重视湘学的学统问题,强调湘学学统是由奠基湘学、传承学脉、发展学术的一批批学者及其学派构成的。作者研究探讨湘学史的演变发展过程,深入考察湘学学统的历史建构过程,并以这一个核心问题展开对湘学的综合性研究与思考。作者特别指出,湘学学者标榜的学统,总是与中国学术正宗的“道统”联系在一起的,湘学学者总是强调湘学学统的正统性,就是强调这一学统在中华道统史上的特别地位和贡献。由此可见,湘学学统的研究范式,能够体现作为地域学术形态的湘学的共性,也能够体现这一共性与地域化个性的关系。

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