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赋予信访人选择权是多赢之举

2017-08-04 22:34:16   中国青年网

赋予信访人维权程序选择权,直接拓宽了信访人的维权渠道,能让其选择最有利于自身维权的救济路径,从而有效降低维权成本

□ 张智全

近日,国家信访局出台《依法分类处理信访诉求工作规则》。按照规定,对于可以通过诉讼解决,也可以通过行政程序解决的问题,选择何种途径,当事人具有选择权。《规则》强调,行政机关可以引导信访人向法院提起诉讼,但不得以其享有诉讼权利为由免除履行自身法定职责的义务。一旦出现行政机关不履职的情况,信访人可以依据行政诉讼法向法院提起诉讼(8月3日《法制日报》)。

信访是畅通民意的重要渠道。近年来,信访案件日益增多,特别是大量的涉法涉诉信访案件,让信访部门不堪重负。为此,中央政法委于2014年9月印发了《关于涉法涉诉信访事项导入法律程序工作机制的意见》等三个文件,力图从理顺出口、防止法律程序空转、畅通出口等三个方面,将进错车道的信访案件引导到法治轨道上,让信访的归信访,法律的归法律。

实事求是地讲,“诉访分离”信访机制的建立,有效促进了信访案件的依法处理,信“访”不信“法”的恶性循环被有效遏制,信访人“弃访转法”的效果明显。但与此同时,也出现了行政机关将诉讼解决信访问题作为塞责“挡箭牌”的不良现象,不但导致信访问题久拖不决,增加了信访人的维权成本,而且导致大量可以通过行政程序解决的信访案件涌进司法机关,浪费有限的司法资源。在这种情况下,赋予信访人维权程序选择权,显然不失为妥善处理信访案件的多赢之举。

赋予信访人维权程序选择权,直接拓宽了信访人的维权渠道,能让其选择最有利于自身维权的救济路径,从而有效降低维权成本。从实际情况来看,信访人选择信访这一维权手段,主要缘于维权渠道的狭窄以及出于对维权成本的考量。虽然不少信访人反映的问题有涉法涉诉等因素,行政程序和诉讼程序都可以予以解决,但相比之下,选择诉讼具有周期长、维权成本高等不利因素,如果走行政解决程序,可能更方便快捷且更具实际效果。

如果仅仅以信访人反映的问题已涉法或涉诉,而将其拒绝在行政程序解决之外,无疑会让信访人维权的渠道陷入要求更高的逼仄境地。因此,赋予信访人维权程序选择权,绝不是可有可无。信访人有了选择权,就等于多了可供选择的维权路径,既可以让他们心悦诚服地主动选择适合自身的维权手段,又可以让他们明白依法依规地进行维权的重要性,从而减少不必要的缠访行为。

更为重要的是,在赋予信访人维权程序选择权的同时,兜底赋予信访人起诉行政机关的权利,能够倒逼行政机关依法履职。事实上,不少信访人之所以缠访不止,在很大程度上缘于行政机关履职的消极作为或不作为,而要根治这一症结,最有效的办法就是赋予信访人有“民告官”的权利。面对法律权威,行政机关惟有兢兢业业地履职才是正道。否则,就极有可能承担相应的法律责任。显而易见,该制度蕴含了倒逼行政机关依法履职的强大法治正能量,其重大意义自不待言。

徒法不足以自行。尽管赋予信访人维权程序选择权是多赢之举,但其作用和效果的充分发挥,还有赖于不折不扣地执行。期待各级行政机关以抓铁有痕、踏石留印的决心和勇气,坚定不移地让其“行稳致远”,进而真正实现多赢的预期和顶层设计目标。

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