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中国道路中国梦:雕刻传统文化的载道之器

2017-08-04 16:11:31   中国青年网

我们用非遗文创复现北京的城门,期待这一座座木雕能作为传统文化的载道之器,成为我们的文化路标,引领一代代华夏子嗣不忘传统文化之根

我是土生土长的北京人,在皇城根儿底下从小玩到大,对那些老城门、老城墙有着深厚的感情。老北京城,凝炼了中国传统建筑技艺之美和古都名城气象,一直是老辈人心心念念的梦,也是很多国际友人赞叹羡慕之所。紫檀雕刻是我最擅长的手艺,中国紫檀博物馆的“紫檀雕刻”是国家级非物质文化遗产名录项目。能不能用紫檀雕刻艺术复原北京的老城门?20多年前,我开始有了这个大胆的念头。

用紫檀雕刻的艺术形式呈现老北京城的面貌,绝非易事。老城门的一砖一瓦、每一雕花,都镌刻着历史与文化,经年累月,在风雨纷争中任世事雕琢,凝结成独有的家国记忆。瑞典美术史家喜仁龙在《北京的城墙和城门》一书中曾说,当你渐渐熟悉这座大城市以后,就会觉得这些城墙是最动人心魄的古迹——幅员广阔,沉稳雄劲,有一种高屋建瓴、睥睨四邻的气派。20多年来,我一直多方搜集老城门的图纸和文献资料,遍访专家,反复考证推敲,以取得详细、真实、可靠的数据。直到2010年,我邀请古建专家学者,并组织上百名匠师,正式启动老北京城门的重塑工程。

起步时,由于城门图纸的缺失,我们除了求助政府文物部门的支持,还积极从海内外各种渠道寻找散落的城门照片、高价回购残存资料,自己比对着照片修改图纸,付出了大量的精力和资金。作为一名已经70多岁的老人,我硬是凭着“磨破膝盖也坚持、不破难题不睡觉”的精神,夜以继日地投入这项工程。6年多的光阴,无数个日日夜夜,我和百多名团队成员一起,以1∶10的大小,将老北京“内九外七”共计16座紫檀及阴沉木制城门全部制作完成。这16座城门没用一根钉子,仅用木建筑的榫卯技术,把大小不过寸许的几百万块零部件严丝合缝对接,还破解并复原了古代城门建设的神秘千斤闸。

去年5月,在中国紫檀博物馆的广场上,16座城门中最大的“正阳门”进行了首展。我们用了8辆大卡车运输、50多人组装,耗费将近12个小时的时间,将这座重达20余吨的正阳门呈现在观众面前。城门的各个部位精准耦合,严丝合缝却又能拆装自如,每一个细节都极尽精巧,形制逼真。令我魂牵梦绕的老北京城,终于从梦境再次走向了现实,城门楼子可攀登、可抚摸、可亲近,更可追忆。展出现场,很多观众和我们一起登上城门,亲身感受到了老北京城的面貌和紫檀艺术的魅力。

中国紫檀博物馆是一家民间博物馆,一直以赓续与弘扬传统文化为己任。当前,“一带一路”建设正是中国文化走出去的契机。上个月,在风景绮丽的欧洲国家摩纳哥,一场以中国清代盛世的文化生活为主题的展览盛大开幕。与中国故宫博物院、巴黎卢浮宫、伦敦维多利亚博物馆等十多家世界著名博物馆收藏的清朝艺术精品一起展出的,还有来自中国紫檀博物馆的两件紫檀艺术精品,吸引了众多游客驻足观赏。让世界了解中国文化,欣赏紫檀艺术,正是我们目前所致力的文化事业。

在古代中国,城门是一座城池的脸面,也是城市精神和文化风貌的呈现。我们用非遗文创复现北京的城门,期待这一座座木雕能作为传统文化的载道之器,成为我们的文化路标,引领一代代华夏子嗣不忘传统文化之根。

(作者为全国政协委员,中国紫檀博物馆馆长)

《 人民日报 》( 2017年08月04日 05 版)

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