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是否学术造假 各方说法不一

2017-08-04 15:12:39   中国青年网

韩春雨在实验室。 新华视点客户端供图

韩春雨在实验室。 新华视点客户端供图

在身陷学术争论,被质疑是否具有可重复性一年后,英国《自然·生物技术》发表了韩春雨团队的撤稿声明:“由于科研界一直无法根据我们论文提供的实验方案重复出其展示的关键结果,我们决定撤回这项研究。”韩春雨称,撤稿是出于“科研记录的完整性”的主动行为,并表示“实验还需继续论证和完善”。记者就公众关心的相关问题采访了权威专家。

焦点1

撤稿是否等同于学术造假?

中国河北科技大学的韩春雨团队去年5月在全球知名学术刊物《自然》的子刊《自然·生物技术》上报告说,发明了一种新的基因编辑技术NgAgo-gDNA。论文一发表便引起全球生物学界巨大关注,不少研究者纷纷跟进这项技术,随后不时传出各种消息,有的说重复不了该实验,有的说能重复但效率低。2日,韩春雨等人“决定撤回这项研究”。

按国际惯例,研究团队发表的文章结论必须是可重复的。“主动撤稿表明韩春雨团队也意识到他们文章有不能重复的问题。”美国梅奥医学中心教授楼振昆说,“能够主动撤稿需要勇气。实验不能重复可能有多种原因,现在还没有证据可以证明韩春雨团队是造假。希望韩春雨团队能够公布实验原始资料和数据,研究人员可以根据实验记录一步步重复,看是否能够重复出来。”

浙江大学教授王立铭认为,撤稿是“重要一步”,让我对科学共同体有了些信心。他也期待下一步动作。“现在没有解决的问题是,是否存在学术不端。到底是造假还是单纯的试验错误。”

据了解,学者对于已发表的论文,在多种情况下都可以主动撤稿。例如,认为论文的证据不充分,试验数据还不能得出文中结论,或是认为数据处理不妥,暂不适合发表论文等。

一些受访者认为,撤稿不等于造假。但也有不少研究人员感到“疑惑”:如果数据真实可靠,面对如此压力,韩春雨团队为何始终都不愿公布实验记录?

中国科学院院士邵峰评论认为,韩春雨的技术在去年遭到大面积质疑后,一些业内人士其实心里都已下了结论——这是一个不可靠的研究结果。

教育部教育发展研究中心高教室副主任刘承波认为,我们一方面要鼓励创新,允许试错;另一方面,要有独立思考的能力鉴别是真科研还是假科研。这必须依靠我们不断完善科研管理制度去解决,要做到“既鼓励创新,又杜绝造假”。

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