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塞罕坝:五十五年持续造林护林 荒原沙地变成绿水青山

2017-08-04 13:37:08   国际在线

习近平总书记强调:“人类发展活动必须尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然,否则就会遭到大自然的报复,这个规律谁也无法抗拒。”“人因自然而生,人与自然是一种共生关系,对自然的伤害最终会伤及人类自身。只有尊重自然规律,才能有效防止在开发利用自然上走弯路。”

藐视自然,违背规律,大自然的报复就如同洪水猛兽一般袭来:百年间,塞罕坝由“美丽高岭”退变为茫茫荒原。西伯利亚寒风长驱直入,推动内蒙古浑善达克等沙地沙漠南侵,风沙紧逼北京城。

浑善达克沙地与北京最近处的直线距离只有180公里,平均海拔1000多米,而北京的平均海拔仅40多米。有人形象地打比方:“如果这个离北京最近的沙源堵不住,就相当于站在屋顶上向院里扬沙子。”

“竭泽而渔,岂不获得?而明年无鱼;焚薮而田,岂不获得?而明年无兽。”用绿水青山去换金山银山,一味索取资源,带来的是短期利益,失去的是永续发展,吞下的只能是“两山皆失”的双输恶果。

生态恶化,警钟骤响!造林绿化,势在必行!

新中国成立后,党和国家十分重视国土绿化。上世纪50年代中期,毛泽东同志发出了“绿化祖国”的伟大号召。其后,林业部决定在河北北部建立大型机械林场,经过实地踏察,选址于塞罕坝。1962年,塞罕坝林场正式组建。

按照国家计划委员会批复的规划设计方案,塞罕坝林场承担四项重任:建成大片用材林基地,生产中、小径级用材;改变当地自然面貌,保持水土,为改变京津地带风沙危害创造条件;研究积累高寒地区造林和育林的经验;研究积累大型国营机械化林场经营管理的经验。

55年前的那个秋天,369名林场创业者满怀激情,从大江南北毅然走上塞北高原,承德专署农业局局长王尚海任党委书记,承德专署林业局局长刘文仕任场长。这支平均年龄不到24岁的队伍,拉开了塞罕坝林场建设的历史帷幕。

此时,距离木兰围场开围放垦,恰好百年。

良好的自然生态系统,是亿万年间形成的,是大自然给予人类的宝贵馈赠。对绿水青山,破坏和毁灭可能只在旦夕之间,恢复和重建却需要异常艰难而漫长的过程。

建场初期,塞罕坝气候恶劣,沙化严重,缺食少房,偏远闭塞。“一年一场风,年始到年终。”极端最低气温达零下43.3摄氏度,年均积雪时间长达7个月。塞罕坝人坚持“先治坡、后置窝,先生产、后生活”,吃黑莜面、喝冰雪水、住马架子、睡地窨子,顶风冒雪,垦荒植树。

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