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【砥砺奋进的五年】中科院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站:将沙漠逐渐变为绿洲
花棒——用于治沙防沙的灌木树种
国际在线报道(记者荣寰、殷帆):宁夏回族自治区中卫市的沙坡头位于腾格里沙漠东南缘。大多数国人对这里并不陌生。但很多人不知道的是,在新中国的历史上,沙坡头曾经轰动了整个世界。这里诞生了人类治沙史上的奇迹——“麦草方格”固沙法。它结束了长久以来“沙逼人退”的局面,成功遏制住了沙漠化,将沙漠逐渐变为绿洲。发明这种固沙法的就是中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站的工作者们。
中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站始建于1955年,是中国科学院最早建立的长期野外综合观察研究站。建国初期,党中央从发展大西北的战略出发,提出修筑包兰铁路。在铁道部、林业部和中国科学院联合号召下,以及中卫县人民政府的积极支持和配合下,包括两部一院的各路科研和建设大军在沙坡头这个小而古老的黄河渡口附近安营扎寨,打响了沙漠筑路与防沙治沙的攻坚战,成立了中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站。为了确保包兰铁路沙漠地段的畅通无阻,1956年中国科学院与有关单位通力合作,在这一区域建立了“以固为主、固阻结合”的植被固沙防护体系。人工植被建立50多年后,该地区的生态环境得到了改善。
沙坡头站于1990年成为中国科学院开放研究站,1992年成为中国生态系统研究网络站,2006年正式成为科技部“宁夏沙坡头沙漠生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站”。自2005年以来连续成为第二批、第三批“全国科普教育基地”。它也是联合国环境规划署、开发计划署、联合国教科文组织、世界实验室和“人与生物圈”等国际组织和机构的研究站点,国际沙漠化治理研究培训中心的培训基地。
中科院院长路甬祥为沙坡头沙漠研究试验站建站五十周年的题字
腾格里沙漠一角
工作人员向记者们讲解麦草方格
竺可桢等老一辈科学家为沙坡头站的建设和成功作出了突出贡献
上世纪70年代与今日沙坡头对比
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