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生态、民生、经济平衡驱动 治沙中国经验被点赞

2017-07-31 15:22:48   内蒙古新闻网

从内蒙古鄂尔多斯市杭锦旗锡尼镇向库布其沙漠驱车行进,不知不觉已入沙漠腹地。可公路旁无边的绿色,却不像沙漠的景色。从空中鸟瞰,这条115公里长的黑色公路,犹如一把利剑,将沙漠拦腰劈断,沿着公路两腰,丛丛簇簇的柠条、羊柴等各种植物犹如叶脉般向沙漠延伸。

地处鄂尔多斯高原的库布其沙漠,总面积1.86万平方公里,60%以上为流动沙丘。“开门就是沙海,出不去进不来。”家住沙区的农牧民曾饱受困扰。

打井取水、植树种草、草原禁牧……经过20多年的治理,库布其沙漠年降雨量由不足70毫米增长到300毫米以上,沙尘天气次数减少95%,生物种类由十几种增至100多种。如今的库布其,1.1万多平方公里的沙漠得到治理控制,300多亿元的沙漠生态经济产业充满生机,10万农牧民通过生态环境改善,创业就业,增收致富,人均收入由1990年不足400元增长到了1.4万多元,“沙窝窝”变成了“金饭碗”。

不只是库布其。内蒙古自治区总面积52.2%为荒漠化土地,35%为沙化土地。近年来,“三北”防护林建设、京津风沙源治理、退耕还林、天然林保护等国家重点工程先后在内蒙古强力推进,成绩骄人,治沙行动赢得国际赞誉。

阿拉善左旗巴彦诺日公苏木苏海图嘎查地处巴丹吉林沙漠边缘,2012年,阿拉善盟以补贴的方式鼓励牧民种植梭梭,之前在外打工养家的牧民马忠强回到家乡。5年过去,补贴从每亩100元提高到200元,牧民被调动起来,昔日黄沙漫漫的草场逐渐被梭梭、红柳覆盖。沙地绿了,土地的经济效益也逐步显现。2016年,马忠强在梭梭根部栽植的苁蓉收获了将近3吨,加上卖梭梭和苁蓉种子,年收入达20多万元。

7月29日,以“绿色一带一路,共享沙漠经济”为主题的第六届库布其国际沙漠论坛在内蒙古召开。为期两天的论坛上,来自30多个国家和地区的政要、企业家、专家学者将共同交流“一带一路”参与国家荒漠化防治与合作、沙漠生态科技创新新经验,探寻绿色金融创新与发展、沙漠治理与消除贫困新路径。

我国近年来荒漠化治理取得了明显成效,实现了由“沙进人退”向“人进沙退”的转变,率先实现了土地退化零增长目标。以库布其沙漠为代表的内蒙古荒漠化土地和沙化土地经过多年不懈治理,荒漠化整体扩展的趋势得到有效遏制,荒漠化和沙化土地面积连续10年保持“双缩减”,森林覆盖率和草原植被盖度持续保持“双提高”,重点治理区生态环境明显改善,部分地区呈现“荒漠变绿洲”的可喜景象。

联合国防治荒漠化公约组织和缔约国代表认为,库布其荒漠化防治为世界树立了典范,创造了“市场化、产业化、公益化”的治沙经验,生态、民生、经济平衡驱动,为国际社会治理生态环境提供了中国经验。

责任编辑:马丽丽 CL0938
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