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那些渐行渐远的民间美食
2017-08-04 07:40:29 中国青年网
□贾登荣
我孩提时住在川北一个小镇上,那里有一个姓张的老爷爷,他能制作出与众不同的火烧馍。张爷爷烤制出来的火烧馍不大,圆圆的,黄中泛白,白中透黄;更让人叫绝的是,烧馍是一圈一圈绕着成型的。在最外圈那些面皮表面,分布着密密麻麻的花纹。小小火烧馍,简直如同一件工艺品!张爷爷家以前也是在镇上开烧饼铺的;后来,小镇盐业生产停止,政府于是动员镇上的居民返乡参加农业生产,张爷爷一家人也就搬回老家罗面山村了。由于家里称盐打油需要钱,便又做起了火烧馍生意。每到逢场日,张爷爷就会走10多里山路,在天麻麻亮时赶到镇上,把火烧馍寄放在我们家里。之后,他穿着那件长衫,长衫里放着个褡裢,褡裢里放三五个火烧馍,到镇上猪儿市场、农具市场等地晃荡去了。不一会,他带的火烧馍就卖光了;他又折返我们家,再取几个去卖。有时候,张爷爷的火烧馍卖不完,他就送给我们家一个。外婆会将这馍分成四部分,家里人一人品尝一点。这火烧馍,外观是硬硬的感觉,但进口以后,一股淡淡的清香与回甜味,便弥漫开来。可惜的是,张爷爷去世以后,火烧馍在小镇上也就绝迹了。
有人说,高明的厨师其实就是艺术家,他们能化腐朽为神奇。这话一点也不假。曾经吃过一道菜——楼板莴笋,觉得它就是典型的艺术品!记得上世纪70年代末,物资还不太丰富。县城有个狮子楼饭店,推出了这道楼板莴笋。楼板莴笋所用的食材就是普普通通的莴笋。在削过莴笋皮后,厨师将莴笋放在砧板上。只见他手飞快地舞动,很快,薄如纸片的莴笋片散在砧板上,但又做到了没有完全断开。然后把这些莴笋片放在一盆水中浸泡片刻,最后放在盘中,莴笋片宛如盛开的花朵;最后浇上红油、醋、豆油等调料,放到客人的面前。楼板莴笋,考的就是厨师的刀工技术。这虽然是一道有工艺色彩的菜,但又不同于今天好多大酒店的工艺菜,只能看,不能吃,而是实实在在让客人品尝的菜。不过,如今在饭店里,不但没有了这道菜,甚至好多年轻厨师根本不知道有这道菜。一些年长的厨师说,像楼板莴笋这样的菜品,食材虽然简单,但制作起来麻烦,又卖不上高价钱,有谁愿意去干这样费力不讨好的事呢?
县城张爷庙对面,曾经有家傅氏饭馆卖的桂花汤圆小有名气。上世纪80年代中期,随着改革开放,关闭了多年的傅氏饭馆重新开张了,主打的美食还是桂花汤圆。消息传开,到这儿来吃桂花汤圆的人络绎不绝。为了保证汤圆的质量,傅家掌门人规定,每天最多卖150碗汤圆。当时我曾经采访过已经77岁高龄的饭店经营者傅鸣珂女士,问及桂花汤圆与其它汤圆的区别在哪里?傅鸣珂告诉说,主要是馅的区别。桂花汤圆的馅由白糖、红糖、猪油、鸡油、桂花、芝麻、花生米、橘饼、核桃等数十种食材构成。不过,这种兴旺的场景随着速冻汤圆的出现,不复存在了。由于市场里、超市中到处都能见到汤圆的影子,加上可以选择的美食品种增多,到这里就餐的人渐渐减少了,傅家的饭馆也难以为继了。虽说一些馆子还在卖桂花汤圆,但基本与当年那种沁人脾胃的味道无关了。
这些民间厨师们用最简单、基本的食材,创造出不同凡响的美食,赢得食客的喜爱,其间闪烁着草根的智慧。不过如今,我却只能在记忆中回味了。
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