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促成果变现,帮科研掘金(文化讲坛)

2017-08-04 04:34:54   中国青年网

作为科技创新的“最后一公里”,科技成果转化一直广受关注。从去年开始,从中央到地方都出台相关政策,破解转化难题。毋庸讳言,难题依旧难解,还需持续努力。近日,美国科学院院士、斯坦福大学终身教授王永雄做客《文化讲坛》,结合自身统计学的科研经历和实践,讲述了该校科技成果的商业转化模式和成功案例,并为国内高校解决科技成果转化难题提供借鉴。

——编 者

研究成果如果只留在大学和实验室里,是一种浪费

我是做统计学研究的,主要工作是统计推论,就是以数据为依据进行分析推理,从中获取知识,从而了解、认识、干预现实世界。从理论统计到计算统计,再到生物统计,过去30年,这几个领域我都有涉足。目前,我比较感兴趣的是计算生物学。通俗地讲,就是用统计学方法,研究人类基因问题。具体地说,就是把统计学应用在基因组学、精准医学方面。用统计学方法研究人类基因,前景非常广阔。

20世纪90年代,以基因芯片为代表的第一代基因测序技术有了重大突破——人类可以同时测量成千上万个不同基因。在此之前,基因测量要一个一个来做。效率大幅提高的同时也带来了问题:如何从海量数据中提取出有价值的信息?对生物学家来说,这是巨大的挑战;而对统计学者来说,这是很好的机会。

2005年到2010年,新一代的基因测序方法又有突破,测序的效率一下子又提高了1000倍,同时可以看到更多位点的状态,获取更全面的信息。科学家们都意识到,精准医疗会有爆炸性的发展。具体说来,人类基因组是由30亿个位点组成的,在其中大约500万个位点上,人与人存在差异。这些差异化的变异位点造成了人的相貌、罹患疾病的可能性、对治疗药物的反应等各不相同。如果我们能够掌握不同个体变异位点的状态,全面收集它们的健康和发病情况、对药物的反应情况,就有可能通过对数据的统计分析,揭示基因组对健康影响的内在规律,从而实现精准医疗。

科学研究的目的,不仅仅是为了求知、求新,从根本上说,是为了推动社会进步。科研成果如果只留在大学、实验室里,而不转化为生产力,无疑是一种浪费。常年的积累使我们发掘出了一些具有商业价值的研究成果。近年来,我和学生陆续成立了几家高科技公司。比如,2010年,我的一个研究生毕业后创办了一家专注于基因组测序数据分析的高科技公司,当时的很多美国药企积累了庞大的基因组数据,但缺乏系统分析的方法和工具。我们开发出一套系统性的解决方案,在产业层次上实现了对基因组测序数据的有效分析,为企业从数据中发现价值提供了有力保证。2014年,这家公司被罗氏制药收购。

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