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极端厄尔尼诺事件仍将显著增加(新知)

2017-08-04 04:32:04   中国青年网

厄尔尼诺现象是指赤道中东太平洋的海温异常增暖,它与我们身边的极端天气现象息息相关。在我国,厄尔尼诺易导致南方出现暴雨洪涝,北方出现高温干旱。极端厄尔尼诺事件不仅对全球天气形态具有严重破坏性,更深刻影响着全球生态系统与农业生产。

全球变暖如何影响厄尔尼诺?全球变暖是否会导致厄尔尼诺事件频发,对地球带来更大威胁?青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室(以下简称“海洋国家实验室”)的一项最新科研成果对这些问题作出了解答,并更新了此前对厄尔尼诺现象的看法。

相关论文于7月24日在线发表于《自然气候变化》杂志。该成果由海洋国家实验室、中国海洋大学的多个团队共同完成,海洋国家实验室主任委员会主任吴立新院士和“千人计划”专家蔡文炬教授为联合通讯作者。

根据已有研究,全球增暖控制在1.5摄氏度可以使2摄氏度情境下的极端高温事件发生频率减小50%,也会在一定程度上减小极区冰架融化。

然而厄尔尼诺事件却不是这样。蔡文炬团队利用第五次耦合模式比较计划多气候模式试验数据研究发现,即使全球增暖控制在1.5摄氏度,极端厄尔尼诺事件的发生频率仍会持续增加,人类社会依然面临气候变化带来的重大影响。

这篇最新发表的论文指出,在全球气温1.5摄氏度增暖稳定后,极端厄尔尼诺事件发生频率仍至少持续增加40%。即使在2050年以后的100年里,极端厄尔尼诺事件发生频率依旧将呈现显著的上升趋势。研究认为,即使全球气温已经稳定,赤道太平洋的温跃层仍将在相当长的时间内保持异常加深状态,造成赤道东太平洋的增暖大于赤道外区域,造成海温梯度减弱,这恰恰是导致极端厄尔尼诺事件多发的主要机制之一。

放眼全球,每一次厄尔尼诺现象的发生,均对许多地区产生重大影响,带来灾害与损失。自2014年以来,海洋国家实验室研究团队已在《自然》《自然气候变化》《自然地球科学》杂志发表了一系列有关全球变暖对于极端厄尔尼诺/南方涛动事件、极端印度洋偶极子事件影响的原创新成果,在海洋与气候变化研究领域形成了具有重大国际显示度的理论体系,进一步彰显了海洋国家实验室在该研究领域的国际前沿地位。

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