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近50年,我国高温热浪在不断增加(图)

2017-08-02 08:52:56   北京日报

(原标题:50年,我国高温热浪在增加)

今年7月7日起,我国北方大范围出现高温天气,7月10日以来,南方出现持续高温天气,超过40℃的极端高温频频出现。

最近,中国科学院大气物理研究所黄刚研究员团队(第一作者为博士研究生胡莉梭)在《理论与应用气候学》杂志发表最新研究成果,分析了1960-2013年中国夏季高温热浪的变化特征。本版特约研究者撰文向读者介绍。

华北高温热浪主要在6、7月

华东、华中等主要在7、8月

目前国际上还没有一个统一的高温热浪标准。世界气象组织(WMO)建议将日最高气温达到或超过32℃,且持续3天以上的天气过程称为高温热浪。

中国气象局规定日最高气温达到或超过35℃时称为高温,连续数天(3天以上)的高温天气过程称之为高温热浪。由于中国幅员辽阔,气候差异很大,中国气象局同时还规定,各省市区可以根据本地天气气候特征规定界限温度值。

高温热浪分为干热型高温和闷热型高温两种类型。干热型高温一般出现在我国华北、东北和西北地区的夏季,表现为日最高气温高、日最低气温较高、昼夜温差小、太阳辐射强、相对湿度较小的高温天气;闷热型高温一般出现在我国沿海及长江中下游以及华南地区,由于夏季水汽丰富,相对湿度大,加上日最高气温高、日最低气温高、昼夜温差小,使人们感觉闷热。

从地理分布来看,根据高温热浪出现的特点,可分为4大高温热浪区域:华北高温区,属典型大陆季风气候;西北高温区,属典型温带大陆性气候;长江中下游高温区,属亚热带湿润季风性气候;华南高温区,属热带季风气候。

从高温日数和热浪次数来看,在空间分布上,除新疆地区外,夏季高温热浪从西北内陆到东南沿海地区逐渐增加。夏季平均高温热浪大值区集中在新疆、东南以及川渝地区,新疆东部和东南部分地区夏季高温日数均超过30天。新疆地区由于日照时间长、沙土覆盖面积大,因此存在一个高温热浪的高值中心;长江中下游以南地区为高值区的其中一个原因是夏季副热带高压的影响。

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