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我们离戏剧还有多远? 冯远征 观众要带着“心”看戏

2017-07-11 05:09:31   

高尚/摄

《贵妇还乡》剧照

上周末,德意志剧院在国家大剧院上演了剧作《贵妇还乡》,该剧是2017年国家大剧院国际戏剧节的重要演出剧目。2017年是中国话剧诞生110周年,也是大剧院开幕运营10周年之际,在这个重要的年份里,国家大剧院特别策划了以“东西对话、精彩汇剧”为主题的第三届国家戏剧季,从6月1日-9月1日邀请来自中国、日本、德国、俄罗斯、瑞典等10家艺术院团,带来58场精彩演出。近日,曾经留学德国的著名演员冯远征在清华大学对谈德意志剧院艺术,他在自述中详细表述了对于德国戏剧和中国戏剧现状的看法。

《贵妇还乡》能和现实结合?

和珅穿上西服也可以演

冯远征:德意志剧院的《贵妇还乡》,编导和演员是很纯粹的,他们的演绎是很直接的。他们的舞台造型只有黑白红就三个颜色,黑白分明,而剧中女性角色都是红头色,红色则象征着温暖的感觉。他们服装的写意性存在于每个角色的身上,只有男主人公穿着正常的衣服,这就是一种反差,他让观众知道这个人生活在什么空间里,周围的人对他什么态度,无论是冰冷的还是残酷的,都会在这个方面体现出来。到后来有一个瞬间我特别感动,就是所有的演员把头发摘掉,把脸上的妆容当着观众卸掉,这说明该剧是一个和现实紧密结合的戏。

我一直在反思,我们的现实主义到底是走到了一个什么样的状态呢?我们往往把德意志剧院演的《贵妇还乡》这种形式的戏叫做抽象派,不会让他们跟现实结合。其实抽象派也好,荒诞派也好,或者先锋派也好,都是在表达思想上的现实主义,每一个创作者,无论是导演还是剧构还是我们的演员,在创作的时候都在表达我们对社会和对现实的态度。

我们中国也可以做这种戏,比如我们演和珅这个贪官,我们可以让他穿上西服,用荒诞的手法去表现他。

德国戏剧发展到了哪一步?

做到了极致的现实主义

冯远征:我在德国生活过两年,我说了一嘴很糟糕的德语,他们听懂了,所以还好。我是1989年去的德国,在西柏林高等艺术学院学习。我应该学5年,但是学了两年就跑回来了。

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