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【燕鸣】从首都机场起飞的不只是飞机

2017-06-20 16:49:07   千龙

前两天去顺义,看到一个标语印象很深刻:“与首都机场无缝连接,与世界经济有机融合。”说到经济发展,人们喜欢说“区位优势”,所谓“靠山吃山,靠水吃水”是也。顺义的区位优势是什么?最突出的就是首都机场。首都机场是是名副其实的“第一国门”,年旅客吞吐量位居亚洲第一、世界第二,成为具有世界一流功能的现代化超大型航空枢纽。

然而,从上世纪五十年代首都机场建成后,相当一段时间里,机场与顺义经济并没有多大关系。你上你的天,我下我的地,“机”犬之声相闻,老死不相往来。最有意思的是,虽然机场座落在顺义南部,行政管辖却归朝阳区。岂止“无缝”,简直有一道无形的鸿沟。

与此同时,世界上却兴起了一种“临空经济”。国际机场协会将机场喻为“国家和地区经济增长的发动机”,机场不再是传统意义上的单一运送旅客和货物的场所,已经演变为全球经济活动的重要节点、带动地区经济发展的引擎,不断地吸引着众多的与航空业相关的行业聚集到其周围,机场及其周边区域正日益演化成为一个特色经济活动高度集中的区域。

顺义与首都机场之“缝”,有体制的原因,更有当年经济发展薄弱的原因。那时人们的主要出行方式是火车,顺义人天天看飞机在头顶上飞,却没有几个乘坐过飞机的。难怪有人说,一个贫穷的国家可能有航空业,但很难有临空产业。

随着经济的发展,航空客货运量大幅增长,航线网络在全球扩展,企业的区位决策目标指向机场这扇现代快速交通运输的大门,机场对周边地区经济的聚集效应、扩散效应越来越强。顺义抓住了这个“天机”。1992年,顺义提出大力发展空港口岸经济战略构想;2001年,顺义确立“空港国际化、全区空港化、发展融合化”机制,着力建设首都临空经济区。如今,围绕首都机场和天竺综合保税区构成的核心圈层,空港经济开发区、天竺综合保税区、空港物流基地等航空相关产业层层铺展开来。在以首都机场为核心的临空经济区内,聚集了400余家航空类企业,30余家世界500强企业。临空产业体系的经济总量,占了全区70%。

从2016年5月开始,北京作为国务院确定的全国唯一的服务业扩大开放试点城市,又把顺义列为两个试点区之一。临空经济在与世界融合中又有了新的进步:外商投资飞机维修项目取消中方控股的限制,积极推动北京通航法荷航飞机航线维护公司项目落户,成为国内首家由外方控股的飞机维修落地项目;在北京海关等监管部门的大力支持下,依托中国航空器材集团公司和巴航(中国)飞机技术服务有限公司,试点“航材共享”模式得到进一步完善;积极推进中航租赁、农银租赁等企业,开展飞机租赁业务……

可以说,本文开始的这条标语不只是口号,已经在顺义变成实际行动。从首都机场起飞的也不只是飞机,还有顺义的临空经济。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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