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破解儿童药困境须系统施策

2017-06-15 09:27:52   

儿童健康关系人口素质和社会和谐,但儿童用药安全问题始终未能得到妥善解决,受到法规缺失、企业研发和生产儿童用药积极性不高等因素的制约。近日,一则《儿童用药困境:专属药品仅2%用药靠猜剂量靠掰》的新闻引发关注,折射儿童药品行业的困境。

儿童用药问题已引起国家高度重视。当前,儿童药利好政策频出,儿童用药法规建设工作已经启动,技术支撑体系正在完善,制药企业儿童用药研发生产的积极性不断提高,儿童用药注册、临床研究、定价、招标、医保等方面的激励政策不断完善。

需要指出的是,与成人用药相比,儿童用药在研发、生产及商业化方面还存在诸多难点。儿童用药的处方、工艺相对复杂,对口感和安全性要求高,对原辅料选择性及质量控制要求较高。同一成分针对不同年龄段的儿童,须进行不同剂型、规格及口味等相应的药学研究。儿童用药的研发是药品研发中投入最大、耗时最长、临床试验最复杂的领域之一,研发成功后,还会面临市场推广等难题。

按照国家现行定价政策,药物是按其中的有效成分定价的。在“一品双规”的管理制度面前,儿童用药的剂型和规格在招标时会受到影响,导致儿童用药专业生产企业的利润无法与生产同样品种的成人用药生产企业相提并论。儿童药剂市场份额小,制作工艺比较复杂,定价机制影响了专业儿童用药生产企业可持续发展,进而影响儿童用药的研发。

同时,目前国内对于儿童进行临床试验缺乏有效运行机制,真正能够从事儿童临床试验的机构屈指可数。儿童临床参与人群缺乏,国内对公众进行人体临床试验的教育缺乏,临床基地进行儿童临床试验的应急措施等条件不足,使得儿童临床研究面临研究和伦理的两难境地。

破解儿童药品的行业困境,应加强对药品疗效的观察、安全性检测、不良反应信息的收集和分析、健康风险评估、风险防范和处理机制建设等,对此国家应有相应的政策和财政保障。由政府牵头,联合医疗机构、制药企业、药品监管部门、行业专家等协同攻关,鼓励对多个儿童专用品种捆绑式申报,审评部门组织专家进行优先集中审批,尽快缓解儿童用药匮乏现状。在儿童用药研发、注册审评、招标、定价及医保等方面给予有力的资金和政策扶持,在全国形成示范效应和规模效应。对儿童用药采用单独定价政策,并取消一品双规的处方限制,从根本上改善儿童用药的可获得性和用药安全性。

解决儿童用药问题是一项长期复杂的系统工程,涉及研发、生产、使用、定价、报销、税收等多个领域、多个部门。政府应加强各部门间的沟通协调及引导,做好整体规划和顶层设计。在儿童用药研究中,审评部门应采取早期介入、优先审评、多渠道沟通交流、动态补充资料等方式,建立儿童用药快速审批程序,将儿童药物列为最优先领域,可以采用混合申请、互认、合作评审和豁免等快速通道策略,加快出台儿童用药注册、临床研究、定价、招标、医保等方面的激励政策,建立优先审评机制、数据保护机制和资金政策支持机制。

(作者:张贵民系鲁南制药集团党委书记、董事长 原标题:破解儿童药困境须系统施策)

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