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打捞“世越”号消耗钢材5000余吨 任务艰巨世界罕见

2017-06-09 11:36:42   

2014年4月16日,韩国“世越”号客轮沉没,事故震惊世界。横卧海底三年之后,“世越”号在今年3月由上海打捞局托出水面,结束了遇难者家属们煎熬的等待。

“成功完成‘世越’号打捞,使我国救捞技术迈上更大一个台阶,今后面临吨位再大的沉船,都有解决办法了。”在最近举行的2017年世界交通运输大会上,上海打捞局“世越”号打捞工程现场总监王伟平,向科技日报记者讲述了“世越”号打捞项目背后的创新故事。

 船大、水深、打捞难

“这样的条件是对各国打捞技术的一个挑战。”王伟平说,因为要完全满足业主提出的打捞要求,在技术上面临着许多前所未有的难题。  2015年5月22日,韩国政府通过公开招标方式,确定“世越”号的最终打捞承包商,并提出一个严苛的条件,即企业在投标过程中,不仅要有价格优势,同时也要提出能有效保护失踪者遗体的船身整体打捞方案。

首先是船体重量。资料显示,“世越”号渡轮船长145米,宽22米,型深14米,空船重量6113吨,载重量化3794吨,排水量9907吨。完整打捞如此万吨巨轮,对作业单位而言,着实是个大难题。

其次,沉船地点水深达到了45米,并且船体是以左倾90度的姿态沉没在海底。为了尽可能保护好遇难者遗体,韩方要求务必保护沉船原始状态。

“这就是技术难度最大的无损打捞。”王伟平说。

最后,在深海作业,水流和地质带来的影响很大。王伟平介绍,“世越”号沉没海域的海底地质坚硬,都是岩石。所处海域风高、浪大、水急(2米/秒)。这些因素都加大了打捞作业的难度。

 钢梁托底,整体抬浮

“世越”号的打捞招标,引来27家世界一流专业公司的参与,竞争异常激烈。

“当时世界整体打捞最先进的案例,是对俄罗斯1.4万吨级‘库尔斯克号’核潜艇的打捞。”王伟平介绍,该案例由荷兰两家公司联手,于水深108米处实施。核潜艇的状况与“世越”号情况相似,船身均为左侧开始躺下,两家公司用钢丝绳固定住潜艇,托起后放置到浮动船坞上,最终打捞出水。

然而,“世越”号为90度侧沉,船体强度也无法与核潜艇相比。要实现无损打捞,不能沿用打捞“库尔斯克号”的方法。

简言之,要拿下这个项目,上海打捞局必须有所创新。

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