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巴西高考规模仅次中国 文理不分家、题量挑战大

2017-06-08 13:08:00   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 石晓淼):2017年高考将落下帷幕,对很多中国人来说,高考都是令人一生难忘的经历,做不完的题、背不全的重点曾令人饱受煎熬,但奋斗与拼搏的劲头却是青春最好的模样。与中国莘莘学子一样,巴西学生也要通过一场全国统考来获得理想大学的录取书,去年,巴西高考即“国家中学教育水平测试”的报考人数达到927万,仅次于中国的940万,为世界第二高考大国。

网络时代的隐私保护、儿童广告管理以及针对妇女暴力问题是巴西高考作文过去几年被人津津乐道的题目。高一跟随父母来到巴西的陈梓烨在去年参加了巴西高考,当时他拿到的题目是“论述巴西如何应对‘宗教不包容’”,这个主题陈梓烨并不感到意外:“当时看到这道题我心里很平静,因为在巴西高中写作文主要都是议论社会热点,比如歧视、监狱和政府问题。就这道题来说,巴西是由很多民族组成的,自然存在诸多宗教。”

巴西高考每年11月举行,同样分成两天,首日考试四个半小时,内容为人文及自然科学知识,是涵盖历史、地理、物理、化学等学科的文理大综合,第二日考试为五个半小时,考查语言、数学和写作,其中语言除官方用语葡萄牙语外,考生可在英语、西班牙语和法语中任选一门。2017年,考试日程将在学科组合上稍作调整,但整体大纲保持不变。

相较考试内容,陈梓烨感到巴西课堂上学到的知识还不足以应对考试,想要取得好成绩,还要紧跟时事新闻。陈梓烨说:“国内考试内容主要围绕课上教的知识点,不断变换加深。巴西考题则注重结合日常生活,课上不一定学得到,你需要多读杂志、报纸才可能知道。”

巴西高考试卷除写作外均为选择题,每道题有五个选项。以去年人文和自然科学考卷为例,90道试题长度达到30页,需要大量阅读材料,而材料本身则截取自新闻报道、学术报告和专业书籍等。今年将要参加高考的奥勒姆·德利马告诉记者,涉猎课外知识之余,掌握答题技巧、把控考试节奏也是他备考的重点。他说:“要在规定时间里完成试卷,每道题都得控制在一两分钟内做完,必须不停快速浏览。比如语文题全是长阅读,有时间就通读,没时间就读首尾段,大家都觉得题量太大,能不能做完是关键。”

巴西的高中每天只有半天课,但无论选择上午还是下午,都要上满七至八节45分钟的课。为了备战高考,奥勒姆通常在上午去听额外的辅导课,下午在学校学习,晚上八点回家后写作业复习,并在每周六参与学校组织的模拟考。

尽管这场高考不是进入大学的唯一方式,但对像奥勒姆一样出生在穷困家庭的巴西孩子来说,它却是改变命运必须要把握的机会,因为学费全免且教学质量普遍较高的公立大学均以高考成绩作为录取标准,昂贵的私立大学实在令人望尘莫及。

好在奥勒姆成绩优异,谈到高考志愿,他希望在大学主修物理专业:“我想选物理专业,因为我喜欢这门学科。我希望未来能收入丰厚,挣钱养家,但最好通过我喜欢的方式。老师们给了我很大信心,他们说我的成绩没问题。”

在巴西,考生们拿到高考成绩后每人可以填报四所大学,而学校在录取时,则会根据考生所选专业对其相应科目的成绩进行侧重考量。为此,奥勒姆正加倍努力以提高物理和数学成绩,理想的大学在不远处招手。

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