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美国表露“军事优先”倾向 自导自演军备竞赛?

2017-06-05 11:27:41   解放军报

日前,美国白宫公布了2018财年预算提案,计划将国防预算增至6680亿美元,比去年增长540亿美元,增幅近10%。此外,美军还拟在2018年大幅扩员并增购武器装备。这份预算提案,自然引起美国国内外的关注。

兑现竞选承诺,大力扩军备战。早在竞选期间,特朗普就强调要加强军队建设,多次承诺要大力扩充各军种兵力和军备,以重塑“日益消耗殆尽”的美军。根据这份预算提案,除了增加国防预算之外,2018财年美军还将增加5.64万人的总兵力。在武器装备领域,除现有更新计划外,还要额外再增购84架作战飞机和8艘作战舰艇,以构建“规模更大、能力更强、更具杀伤力的联合部队”。据美国《军队时报》网站估计,在特朗普第一任期的四年内,还要继续增加军费2500亿至3000亿美元。

强化能力建设,打造技术优势。在申请2017财年预算时,美国防部官方文件和时任国防部长卡特明确地将威胁对象排序,阐述了针对俄罗斯、亚太、伊朗、网络等威胁的预算安排。相比之下,日前出台的这份预算提案,则更强调提高军种战备水平、联合作战能力,同时要求未来加强力量投送、核力量现代化、反导体系建设、太空布局、网络实战等,以重塑战略威慑力量体系。虽然从表面上看,2017财年预算提案更像是“基于威胁对象”,2018财年则转向“基于自身能力”,但其实两者具有内在的一致性,都是要打造领先对手和威胁对象的技术优势,而新的预算申请更加直接地体现了特朗普“实力至上”的施政理念。

预算“拆东补西”,可能引发反制。扩军备战,“空头支票”毫无用处,要的是实实在在的真金白银。为兑现540亿美元扩军军费,美国政府不得不大幅压缩其他部门经费,其中包括缩减医保、食品券、对外援助和环境保护等社会福利和非国防开支。而根据美联储发布的最新报告,有近三分之一的美国人感到财政困难,有近一半的美国人表示,除非变卖财产或者借贷,否则就连400美元的额外支出都无法承担。这种情况下,白宫这种“拆东墙补西墙”、大幅削减其他部门开支而力保“军事优先”的方案,很可能会在国会遭遇巨大的阻力。

事实上,美国更像是在自导自演一场“自我军备竞赛”。到2030年,美国将至少拥有3艘“福特”级航母,可以取代现役“俄亥俄”级的新型战略核潜艇也将于2031年服役,这些都是无人能匹敌的。但特朗普政府仍认为美国军队规模过小,主张美国海军的规模到2025年时至少应扩大到310艘舰船,海军人数也应扩充到38万以上。这种追求军事领先优势的“强迫症”,不仅会引起其他国家的紧张,也将在美国国内引来更多的反对意见。(张乃千 赵蔚彬)

(原标题: 美国表露“军事优先”倾向)

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