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葛红亮:实现南部和平,杜特尔特不应只有武力

2017-05-27 08:20:24   国际在线

杜特尔特(资料图)

杜特尔特自就职总统以来,他到哪儿,舆论也一般跟到哪儿。但是,在菲律宾国内依旧一片“隐忧”的情况下,杜特尔特即使在外访过程中也没少因国内事务“操碎了心”。近日,杜特尔特又上演了“身在国外心在菲”的一幕。在他访问俄罗斯期间,先是菲律宾军警23日在马拉维市与“马巫德”及阿布沙耶夫武装发生冲突,后是“马巫德”对马拉维市发动了猛烈攻击,并“占领”和控制了当地的医院、监狱等重要设施与部分道路、桥梁。鉴于此,杜特尔特在访问俄罗斯期间先是宣布“戒严”,后发表视频讲话并缩短访问行程、紧急返菲。至此,菲律宾南部和平与反恐事态的严重性骤然凸显,在杜特尔特的执政议程中的地位也提升到新的高度。

 “马巫德”:菲律宾南部毒瘤的延续

菲律宾与其他大多数东南亚国家一样,国内不仅存在多元民族,也存在着多样化的宗教信仰。在战后菲律宾国家独立、建设与发展进程中,菲律宾南部棉兰老岛地区民族有着与其他地区明显不同的宗教信仰与利益诉求,而这最终以民族分离运动和武装反政府运动表现出来。其中,影响最大的莫过于20世纪70年代兴起于菲律宾南部的“摩洛民族解放阵线”。在此之后,“摩洛民族解放阵线”就一直构成菲律宾历届政府的心腹大患,并因其试图以武装手段建立“独立的伊斯兰国家”成为菲律宾南部和平与发展的毒瘤。

“摩洛民族解放阵线”作为菲律宾南部早期最重要的穆斯林反政府武装组织,不仅是菲律宾南部和平与发展的大患,也是后来菲律宾南部分离主义势力、反政府武装与恐怖组织发展的毒根。最早从“摩洛民族解放阵线”中分离出来的是“摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线”,分离的时间为1978年,而原因则是“摩洛民族解放阵线”内部意见分歧,在是否留在菲律宾话题了分成了不同的派别。在随后数十年的时间里,“摩洛民族解放阵线”与“摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线”是菲律宾南部两个最主要的反政府武装组织。直到1996年,“摩洛民族解放阵线”完成与政府就棉兰老地区自治问题的谈判并签署和平协议。而针对“摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线”,菲律宾政府采取同样的举措,也即同意该组织的自治要求,来实现和谈与南部地区和平。2012年4月25日,“摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线”宣布,菲律宾政府同意在棉兰老地区建立一个伊斯兰“次国家”。 当年10月菲律宾政府与“摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线”正式达成协议和签署和平协定。

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