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南极条约协商会议首次在中国举行 倡导加强南极治理国际合作

2017-05-24 08:13:13   国际在线

国际在线报道:第40届南极条约协商会议23日在北京开幕,这是中国首次作为东道主举办这项会议。会议期间,来自《南极条约》44个缔约国和10个国际组织的约400名代表将围绕南极条约体系的运行、南极视察、南极气候变化影响、南极特别保护区和管理区等议题展开讨论,推动南极治理体系朝着更加包容、合作、可持续的方向发展。

1959年签署的《南极条约》确立了南极治理的基本法律框架,开启了人类合作协商南极事务的新时代。此后,根据这一条约建立的政府间定期议事机制南极条约协商会议成为了关于南极治理最重要的政策决策机制。按照约定,会议由《南极条约》现有53个缔约国中拥有协商国地位的29个国家按英文首字母顺序轮流承办。此次在北京举行的第40届南极条约协商会是中国自1983年加入条约、1985年成为条约协商国以来首次担任东道国。

在23日的开幕式上,国务院副总理张高丽在致辞中表示,《南极条约》签署以来,南极治理法律体系不断发展,治理机制日趋完善。作为条约协商国,中国坚持从维护《南极条约》的宗旨和原则以及国际社会整体利益出发,积极履行条约赋予的权利和义务,努力为构建和维护和平稳定、绿色环保的南极秩序做出贡献。他说,“中国加入了几乎所有的相关重要的国际公约和议定书,成为南极条约协商会议及其南极环境保护委员会、南极海洋生物资源养护委员会等重要南极国际机制的成员,参与了相关机制和框架下的项目与合作。中国一贯坚持以南极条约体系为基础,平等协商,依制决策,努力推动南极治理体系朝着更加包容理性合作的方向发展。”

张高丽强调,一个和平稳定、绿色、永续发展的南极符合全人类共同利益。为此,他提出,应坚持以和平方式利用南极,努力构建人类命运共同体;坚持遵守南极条约体系,完善以规则为基础的南极治理模式;坚持平等协商互利共赢,把南极打造成国际合作新疆域;坚持南极科考自由,进一步夯实保护与利用的科学基础;坚持保护南极自然环境,维护南极生态平衡和实现南极永续发展。他说,“南极条约体系的形成和发展始于合作、成于合作,未来南极治理中应继续坚持平等协商合作治理,依托现有双边多边机制框架平台拓展南极合作领域和范围, 通过项目促进国际合作长期化、稳定化、机制化,努力提升合作层次,落实合作成果,为有效进行南极治理提供服务和保障,使南极保护和利用惠及全世界、全人类。”

近年来,全球气候变暖、海洋环境污染等问题对南极的影响日趋明显,同时随着人类在南极活动日益广泛和多元,给南极治理带来新的压力。如何有效应对这些挑战,是南极治理中无法回避的重要议题。当天,中方还举行了主题为“我们的南极:保护与利用”特别会议,外交部副部长张业遂在发言中表示,加强保护是和平利用南极的基本前提,平衡兼顾是南极国际治理的基本理念。“南极环境一旦遭到破坏,将难以修复,并很可能对全球气候和环境造成重大负面影响。‘物极必反,过犹不及’。在未来南极治理中,我们要坚持南极保护与利用兼顾,把握好保护与利用的‘度’,努力实现二者的平衡。在应对南极旅游、生物勘探等新型活动带来的挑战方面,没有哪一个国家能独自解决,需要各国相互协调,合作应对。”

据悉,此次南极条约协调会议将持续至6月1日,期间第20届南极环境保护委员会会议将同期举行,会议还将举行“我心中的南极”青少年主题绘画交流等活动。

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